From dd5ced96c1542cb32f5e1b306196702760394418 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: reuk <reuk@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 19:33:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] VSTPluginFormat: Extract headless plugin format type

---
 .../juce_audio_plugin_client_VST2.cpp         |    3 +-
 .../format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.cpp     | 3126 +----------------
 .../format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.h       |   93 +-
 .../juce_audio_processors.h                   |    1 -
 .../format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h             |    2 +
 .../format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h      |    5 +-
 .../juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.cpp          |  278 ++
 .../juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.h            |  140 +
 .../format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatImpl.h   | 2816 +++++++++++++++
 .../juce_audio_processors_headless.cpp        |    1 +
 .../juce_audio_processors_headless.h          |    1 +
 11 files changed, 3330 insertions(+), 3136 deletions(-)
 rename modules/{juce_audio_processors => juce_audio_processors_headless}/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h (97%)
 rename modules/{juce_audio_processors => juce_audio_processors_headless}/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h (95%)
 create mode 100644 modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.cpp
 create mode 100644 modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.h
 create mode 100644 modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatImpl.h

diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_plugin_client/juce_audio_plugin_client_VST2.cpp b/modules/juce_audio_plugin_client/juce_audio_plugin_client_VST2.cpp
index 0c8632d7ae..d45d14c94e 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_plugin_client/juce_audio_plugin_client_VST2.cpp
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_plugin_client/juce_audio_plugin_client_VST2.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ using namespace juce;
 #include <juce_audio_plugin_client/detail/juce_VSTWindowUtilities.h>
 
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_LegacyAudioParameter.h>
-#include <juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h>
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h>
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h>
 
 #ifdef JUCE_MSVC
  #pragma pack (pop)
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.cpp b/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.cpp
index c972359e43..11e921ed4b 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.cpp
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.cpp
@@ -34,2757 +34,32 @@
 
 #if JUCE_PLUGINHOST_VST
 
-#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/utilities/juce_CommonProcessorUtilities.h>
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatImpl.h>
 
-//==============================================================================
-#undef PRAGMA_ALIGN_SUPPORTED
-
-
-#if ! JUCE_MSVC
- #define __cdecl
-#endif
-
-JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_GCC_LIKE ("-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant")
-JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC (4996)
-
-#define VST_FORCE_DEPRECATED 0
-#define JUCE_VSTINTERFACE_H_INCLUDED 1
-
-namespace Vst2
-{
-struct AEffect;
-
-// If the following files cannot be found then you are probably trying to host
-// VST2 plug-ins. To do this you must have a VST2 SDK in your header search
-// paths or use the "VST (Legacy) SDK Folder" field in the Projucer. The VST2
-// SDK can be obtained from the vstsdk3610_11_06_2018_build_37 (or older) VST3
-// SDK or JUCE version 5.3.2.
-#include <pluginterfaces/vst2.x/aeffect.h>
-#include <pluginterfaces/vst2.x/aeffectx.h>
-}
-
-#include "juce_VSTCommon.h"
-
-JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC
-JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_GCC_LIKE
-
-JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC (4355)
-JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
-
-#include "juce_VSTMidiEventList.h"
-
-#if ! JUCE_WINDOWS
- static void _fpreset() {}
- static void _clearfp() {}
-#endif
-
-#ifndef JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
- #define JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
-#endif
-
-#ifndef JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_INVOKE_MAIN
-#define JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_INVOKE_MAIN  effect = module->moduleMain (audioMaster);
-#endif
-
-#ifndef JUCE_VST_FALLBACK_HOST_NAME
- #define JUCE_VST_FALLBACK_HOST_NAME "Juce VST Host"
-#endif
-
-//==============================================================================
 namespace juce
 {
 
-//==============================================================================
-namespace
-{
-    const int fxbVersionNum = 1;
-
-    struct fxProgram
-    {
-        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
-        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
-        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxCk'
-        int32 version;
-        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
-        int32 fxVersion;
-        int32 numParams;
-        char prgName[28];
-        float params[1];        // variable no. of parameters
-    };
-
-    struct fxSet
-    {
-        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
-        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
-        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxBk'
-        int32 version;
-        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
-        int32 fxVersion;
-        int32 numPrograms;
-        char future[128];
-        fxProgram programs[1];  // variable no. of programs
-    };
-
-    struct fxChunkSet
-    {
-        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
-        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
-        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxCh', 'FPCh', or 'FBCh'
-        int32 version;
-        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
-        int32 fxVersion;
-        int32 numPrograms;
-        char future[128];
-        int32 chunkSize;
-        char chunk[8];          // variable
-    };
-
-    struct fxProgramSet
-    {
-        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
-        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
-        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxCh', 'FPCh', or 'FBCh'
-        int32 version;
-        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
-        int32 fxVersion;
-        int32 numPrograms;
-        char name[28];
-        int32 chunkSize;
-        char chunk[8];          // variable
-    };
-
-    // Compares a magic value in either endianness.
-    static bool compareMagic (int32 magic, const char* name) noexcept
-    {
-        return magic == (int32) ByteOrder::littleEndianInt (name)
-            || magic == (int32) ByteOrder::bigEndianInt (name);
-    }
-
-    static int32 fxbName (const char* name) noexcept    { return (int32) ByteOrder::littleEndianInt (name); }
-    static int32 fxbSwap (int32 x) noexcept             { return (int32) ByteOrder::swapIfLittleEndian ((uint32) x); }
-
-    static float fxbSwapFloat (const float x) noexcept
-    {
-       #ifdef JUCE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
-        union { uint32 asInt; float asFloat; } n;
-        n.asFloat = x;
-        n.asInt = ByteOrder::swap (n.asInt);
-        return n.asFloat;
-       #else
-        return x;
-       #endif
-    }
-}
-
-//==============================================================================
-namespace
-{
-    static double getVSTHostTimeNanoseconds() noexcept
-    {
-       #if JUCE_WINDOWS
-        return timeGetTime() * 1000000.0;
-       #elif JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_IOS || JUCE_ANDROID
-        timeval micro;
-        gettimeofday (&micro, nullptr);
-        return (double) micro.tv_usec * 1000.0;
-       #elif JUCE_MAC
-        UnsignedWide micro;
-        Microseconds (&micro);
-        return micro.lo * 1000.0;
-       #endif
-    }
-
-    static int shellUIDToCreate = 0;
-    static int insideVSTCallback = 0;
-
-    struct IdleCallRecursionPreventer
-    {
-        IdleCallRecursionPreventer()  : isMessageThread (MessageManager::getInstance()->isThisTheMessageThread())
-        {
-            if (isMessageThread)
-                ++insideVSTCallback;
-        }
-
-        ~IdleCallRecursionPreventer()
-        {
-            if (isMessageThread)
-                --insideVSTCallback;
-        }
-
-        const bool isMessageThread;
-        JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE (IdleCallRecursionPreventer)
-    };
-
-   #if JUCE_MAC
-    static bool makeFSRefFromPath (FSRef* destFSRef, const String& path)
-    {
-        return FSPathMakeRef (reinterpret_cast<const UInt8*> (path.toRawUTF8()), destFSRef, nullptr) == noErr;
-    }
-   #endif
-}
-
-//==============================================================================
-using MainCall = Vst2::AEffect* (VSTCALLBACK*) (Vst2::audioMasterCallback);
-
-//==============================================================================
-// Change this to disable logging of various VST activities
-#ifndef VST_LOGGING
- #define VST_LOGGING 1
-#endif
-
-#if VST_LOGGING
- #define JUCE_VST_LOG(a) Logger::writeToLog(a);
-#else
- #define JUCE_VST_LOG(a)
-#endif
-
-//==============================================================================
 #if JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD
 
-namespace
+using EventProcPtr = void (*)(XEvent*);
+
+static Window getChildWindow (Window windowToCheck)
 {
-    using EventProcPtr = void (*)(XEvent*);
+    Window rootWindow, parentWindow;
+    Window* childWindows;
+    unsigned int numChildren = 0;
 
-    Window getChildWindow (Window windowToCheck)
-    {
-        Window rootWindow, parentWindow;
-        Window* childWindows;
-        unsigned int numChildren = 0;
+    X11Symbols::getInstance()->xQueryTree (XWindowSystem::getInstance()->getDisplay(),
+                                           windowToCheck, &rootWindow, &parentWindow, &childWindows, &numChildren);
 
-        X11Symbols::getInstance()->xQueryTree (XWindowSystem::getInstance()->getDisplay(),
-                                               windowToCheck, &rootWindow, &parentWindow, &childWindows, &numChildren);
+    if (numChildren > 0)
+        return childWindows [0];
 
-        if (numChildren > 0)
-            return childWindows [0];
-
-        return 0;
-    }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 #endif
 
-//==============================================================================
-class VSTXMLInfo
-{
-public:
-    static VSTXMLInfo* createFor (const juce::XmlElement& xml)
-    {
-        if (xml.hasTagName ("VSTParametersStructure"))
-            return new VSTXMLInfo (xml);
-
-        if (const auto* x = xml.getChildByName ("VSTParametersStructure"))
-            return new VSTXMLInfo (*x);
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    struct Group;
-
-    struct Base
-    {
-        Base() noexcept {}
-        virtual ~Base() {}
-
-        Group* parent = nullptr;
-    };
-
-    struct Param final : public Base
-    {
-        int paramID;
-        juce::String expr, name, label;
-        juce::StringArray shortNames;
-        juce::String type;
-        int numberOfStates;
-        float defaultValue;
-    };
-
-    struct Group final : public Base
-    {
-        juce::String name;
-        juce::OwnedArray<Base> paramTree;
-    };
-
-    struct Range
-    {
-        Range() noexcept {}
-        Range (const juce::String& s)       { set (s); }
-
-        void set (const juce::String& s)
-        {
-            inclusiveLow  = s.startsWithChar ('[');
-            inclusiveHigh = s.endsWithChar   (']');
-
-            auto str = s.removeCharacters ("[]");
-
-            low  = str.upToFirstOccurrenceOf (",", false, false).getFloatValue();
-            high = str.fromLastOccurrenceOf  (",", false, false).getFloatValue();
-        }
-
-        bool contains (float f) const noexcept
-        {
-            return (inclusiveLow  ? (f >= low)  : (f > low))
-                && (inclusiveHigh ? (f <= high) : (f < high));
-        }
-
-        float low = 0;
-        float high = 0;
-
-        bool inclusiveLow = false;
-        bool inclusiveHigh = false;
-    };
-
-    struct Entry
-    {
-        juce::String name;
-        Range range;
-    };
-
-    struct ValueType
-    {
-        juce::String name, label;
-        juce::OwnedArray<Entry> entries;
-    };
-
-    struct Template
-    {
-        juce::String name;
-        juce::OwnedArray<Param> params;
-    };
-
-    const Param* getParamForID (const int paramID, const Group* const grp) const
-    {
-        for (auto item : (grp != nullptr ? grp->paramTree : paramTree))
-        {
-            if (auto param = dynamic_cast<const Param*> (item))
-                if (param->paramID == paramID)
-                    return param;
-
-            if (auto group = dynamic_cast<const Group*> (item))
-                if (auto res = getParamForID (paramID, group))
-                    return res;
-        }
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    const ValueType* getValueType (const juce::String& name) const
-    {
-        for (auto v : valueTypes)
-            if (v->name == name)
-                return v;
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    juce::OwnedArray<Base> paramTree;
-    juce::OwnedArray<ValueType> valueTypes;
-    juce::OwnedArray<Template> templates;
-
-    ValueType switchValueType;
-
-private:
-    VSTXMLInfo (const juce::XmlElement& xml)
-    {
-        switchValueType.entries.add (new Entry ({ TRANS ("Off"), Range ("[0, 0.5[") }));
-        switchValueType.entries.add (new Entry ({ TRANS ("On"),  Range ("[0.5, 1]") }));
-
-        for (auto* item : xml.getChildIterator())
-        {
-            if (item->hasTagName ("Param"))           parseParam (*item, nullptr, nullptr);
-            else if (item->hasTagName ("ValueType"))  parseValueType (*item);
-            else if (item->hasTagName ("Template"))   parseTemplate (*item);
-            else if (item->hasTagName ("Group"))      parseGroup (*item, nullptr);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void parseParam (const juce::XmlElement& item, Group* group, Template* temp)
-    {
-        auto param = new Param();
-
-        if (temp != nullptr)
-            param->expr = item.getStringAttribute ("id");
-        else
-            param->paramID = item.getIntAttribute ("id");
-
-        param->name           = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
-        param->label          = item.getStringAttribute ("label");
-        param->type           = item.getStringAttribute ("type");
-        param->numberOfStates = item.getIntAttribute ("numberOfStates");
-        param->defaultValue   = (float) item.getDoubleAttribute ("defaultValue");
-
-        param->shortNames.addTokens (item.getStringAttribute ("shortName"), ",", juce::StringRef());
-        param->shortNames.trim();
-        param->shortNames.removeEmptyStrings();
-
-        if (group != nullptr)
-        {
-            group->paramTree.add (param);
-            param->parent = group;
-        }
-        else if (temp != nullptr)
-        {
-            temp->params.add (param);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            paramTree.add (param);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void parseValueType (const juce::XmlElement& item)
-    {
-        auto vt = new ValueType();
-        valueTypes.add (vt);
-
-        vt->name  = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
-        vt->label = item.getStringAttribute ("label");
-
-        int curEntry = 0;
-        const int numEntries = item.getNumChildElements();
-
-        for (auto* entryXml : item.getChildWithTagNameIterator ("Entry"))
-        {
-            auto entry = new Entry();
-            entry->name = entryXml->getStringAttribute ("name");
-
-            if (entryXml->hasAttribute ("value"))
-            {
-                entry->range.set (entryXml->getStringAttribute ("value"));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                entry->range.low  = (float) curEntry / (float) numEntries;
-                entry->range.high = (float) (curEntry + 1) / (float) numEntries;
-
-                entry->range.inclusiveLow  = true;
-                entry->range.inclusiveHigh = (curEntry == numEntries - 1);
-            }
-
-            vt->entries.add (entry);
-            ++curEntry;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void parseTemplate (const juce::XmlElement& item)
-    {
-        auto temp = new Template();
-        templates.add (temp);
-        temp->name = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
-
-        for (auto* param : item.getChildIterator())
-            parseParam (*param, nullptr, temp);
-    }
-
-    void parseGroup (const juce::XmlElement& item, Group* parentGroup)
-    {
-        auto group = new Group();
-
-        if (parentGroup)
-        {
-            parentGroup->paramTree.add (group);
-            group->parent = parentGroup;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            paramTree.add (group);
-        }
-
-        group->name = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
-
-        if (item.hasAttribute ("template"))
-        {
-            juce::StringArray variables;
-            variables.addTokens (item.getStringAttribute ("values"), ";", juce::StringRef());
-            variables.trim();
-
-            for (auto temp : templates)
-            {
-                if (temp->name == item.getStringAttribute ("template"))
-                {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < temp->params.size(); ++i)
-                    {
-                        auto param = new Param();
-                        group->paramTree.add (param);
-
-                        param->parent         = group;
-                        param->paramID        = evaluate (temp->params[i]->expr, variables);
-                        param->defaultValue   = temp->params[i]->defaultValue;
-                        param->label          = temp->params[i]->label;
-                        param->name           = temp->params[i]->name;
-                        param->numberOfStates = temp->params[i]->numberOfStates;
-                        param->shortNames     = temp->params[i]->shortNames;
-                        param->type           = temp->params[i]->type;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            for (auto* subItem : item.getChildIterator())
-            {
-                if (subItem->hasTagName ("Param"))       parseParam (*subItem, group, nullptr);
-                else if (subItem->hasTagName ("Group"))  parseGroup (*subItem, group);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    int evaluate (juce::String expr, const juce::StringArray& variables) const
-    {
-        juce::StringArray names;
-        juce::Array<int> vals;
-
-        for (auto& v : variables)
-        {
-            if (v.contains ("="))
-            {
-                names.add (v.upToFirstOccurrenceOf ("=", false, false));
-                vals.add  (v.fromFirstOccurrenceOf ("=", false, false).getIntValue());
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < names.size(); ++i)
-        {
-            for (;;)
-            {
-                const int idx = expr.indexOfWholeWord (names[i]);
-                if (idx < 0)
-                    break;
-
-                expr = expr.replaceSection (idx, names[i].length(), juce::String (vals[i]));
-            }
-        }
-
-        expr = expr.retainCharacters ("01234567890-+")
-                   .replace ("+", " + ")
-                   .replace ("-", " - ");
-
-        juce::StringArray tokens;
-        tokens.addTokens (expr, " ", juce::StringRef());
-
-        bool add = true;
-        int val = 0;
-
-        for (const auto& s : tokens)
-        {
-            if (s == "+")
-            {
-                add = true;
-            }
-            else if (s == "-")
-            {
-                add = false;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (add)
-                    val += s.getIntValue();
-                else
-                    val -= s.getIntValue();
-            }
-        }
-
-        return val;
-    }
-};
-
-//==============================================================================
-struct ModuleHandle final : public ReferenceCountedObject
-{
-    File file;
-    MainCall moduleMain, customMain = {};
-    String pluginName;
-    std::unique_ptr<XmlElement> vstXml;
-
-    using Ptr = ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<ModuleHandle>;
-
-    static Array<ModuleHandle*>& getActiveModules()
-    {
-        static Array<ModuleHandle*> activeModules;
-        return activeModules;
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    static Ptr findOrCreateModule (const File& file)
-    {
-        for (auto* module : getActiveModules())
-            if (module->file == file)
-                return module;
-
-        const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
-        shellUIDToCreate = 0;
-        _fpreset();
-
-        JUCE_VST_LOG ("Attempting to load VST: " + file.getFullPathName());
-
-        Ptr m = new ModuleHandle (file, nullptr);
-
-        if (m->open())
-        {
-            _fpreset();
-            return m;
-        }
-
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    ModuleHandle (const File& f, MainCall customMainCall)
-        : file (f), moduleMain (customMainCall)
-    {
-        getActiveModules().add (this);
-
-       #if JUCE_WINDOWS || JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_IOS || JUCE_ANDROID
-        fullParentDirectoryPathName = f.getParentDirectory().getFullPathName();
-       #elif JUCE_MAC
-        FSRef ref;
-        makeFSRefFromPath (&ref, f.getParentDirectory().getFullPathName());
-        FSGetCatalogInfo (&ref, kFSCatInfoNone, nullptr, nullptr, &parentDirFSSpec, nullptr);
-       #endif
-    }
-
-    ~ModuleHandle()
-    {
-        getActiveModules().removeFirstMatchingValue (this);
-        close();
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-   #if ! JUCE_MAC
-    String fullParentDirectoryPathName;
-   #endif
-
-  #if JUCE_WINDOWS || JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_ANDROID
-    DynamicLibrary module;
-
-    bool open()
-    {
-        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
-            return true;
-
-        pluginName = file.getFileNameWithoutExtension();
-
-        module.open (file.getFullPathName());
-
-        moduleMain = (MainCall) module.getFunction ("VSTPluginMain");
-
-        if (moduleMain == nullptr)
-            moduleMain = (MainCall) module.getFunction ("main");
-
-        JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
-
-        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
-        {
-            vstXml = parseXML (file.withFileExtension ("vstxml"));
-
-           #if JUCE_WINDOWS
-            if (vstXml == nullptr)
-                vstXml = parseXML (getDLLResource (file, "VSTXML", 1));
-           #endif
-        }
-
-        return moduleMain != nullptr;
-    }
-
-    void close()
-    {
-        _fpreset(); // (doesn't do any harm)
-
-        module.close();
-    }
-
-    void closeEffect (Vst2::AEffect* eff)
-    {
-        eff->dispatcher (eff, Vst2::effClose, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-    }
-
-   #if JUCE_WINDOWS
-    static String getDLLResource (const File& dllFile, const String& type, int resID)
-    {
-        DynamicLibrary dll (dllFile.getFullPathName());
-        auto dllModule = (HMODULE) dll.getNativeHandle();
-
-        if (dllModule != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        {
-            if (auto res = FindResource (dllModule, MAKEINTRESOURCE (resID), type.toWideCharPointer()))
-            {
-                if (auto hGlob = LoadResource (dllModule, res))
-                {
-                    auto* data = static_cast<const char*> (LockResource (hGlob));
-                    return String::fromUTF8 (data, (int) SizeofResource (dllModule, res));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return {};
-    }
-   #endif
-  #else
-    Handle resHandle = {};
-    CFUniquePtr<CFBundleRef> bundleRef;
-
-   #if JUCE_MAC
-    CFBundleRefNum resFileId = {};
-    FSSpec parentDirFSSpec;
-   #endif
-
-    bool open()
-    {
-        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
-            return true;
-
-        bool ok = false;
-
-        if (file.hasFileExtension (".vst"))
-        {
-            auto* utf8 = file.getFullPathName().toRawUTF8();
-
-            if (auto url = CFUniquePtr<CFURLRef> (CFURLCreateFromFileSystemRepresentation (nullptr, (const UInt8*) utf8,
-                                                                                           (CFIndex) strlen (utf8), file.isDirectory())))
-            {
-                bundleRef.reset (CFBundleCreate (kCFAllocatorDefault, url.get()));
-
-                if (bundleRef != nullptr)
-                {
-                    if (CFBundleLoadExecutable (bundleRef.get()))
-                    {
-                        moduleMain = (MainCall) CFBundleGetFunctionPointerForName (bundleRef.get(), CFSTR ("main_macho"));
-
-                        if (moduleMain == nullptr)
-                            moduleMain = (MainCall) CFBundleGetFunctionPointerForName (bundleRef.get(), CFSTR ("VSTPluginMain"));
-
-                        JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
-
-                        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
-                        {
-                            if (CFTypeRef name = CFBundleGetValueForInfoDictionaryKey (bundleRef.get(), CFSTR ("CFBundleName")))
-                            {
-                                if (CFGetTypeID (name) == CFStringGetTypeID())
-                                {
-                                    char buffer[1024];
-
-                                    if (CFStringGetCString ((CFStringRef) name, buffer, sizeof (buffer), CFStringGetSystemEncoding()))
-                                        pluginName = buffer;
-                                }
-                            }
-
-                            if (pluginName.isEmpty())
-                                pluginName = file.getFileNameWithoutExtension();
-
-                           #if JUCE_MAC
-                            resFileId = CFBundleOpenBundleResourceMap (bundleRef.get());
-                           #endif
-
-                            ok = true;
-
-                            auto vstXmlFiles = file
-                                                   #if JUCE_MAC
-                                                    .getChildFile ("Contents")
-                                                    .getChildFile ("Resources")
-                                                   #endif
-                                                    .findChildFiles (File::findFiles, false, "*.vstxml");
-
-                            if (! vstXmlFiles.isEmpty())
-                                vstXml = parseXML (vstXmlFiles.getReference (0));
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (! ok)
-                    {
-                        CFBundleUnloadExecutable (bundleRef.get());
-                        bundleRef = nullptr;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return ok;
-    }
-
-    void close()
-    {
-        if (bundleRef != nullptr)
-        {
-           #if JUCE_MAC
-            CFBundleCloseBundleResourceMap (bundleRef.get(), resFileId);
-           #endif
-
-            if (CFGetRetainCount (bundleRef.get()) == 1)
-                CFBundleUnloadExecutable (bundleRef.get());
-
-            if (CFGetRetainCount (bundleRef.get()) > 0)
-                bundleRef = nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void closeEffect (Vst2::AEffect* eff)
-    {
-        eff->dispatcher (eff, Vst2::effClose, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-    }
-
-  #endif
-
-private:
-    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (ModuleHandle)
-};
-
-static const int defaultVSTSampleRateValue = 44100;
-static const int defaultVSTBlockSizeValue = 512;
-
-class TempChannelPointers
-{
-public:
-    template <typename T>
-    auto getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (AudioBuffer<T>& buffer)
-    {
-        auto& pointers = getPointers (Tag<T>{});
-
-        jassert (buffer.getNumChannels() <= static_cast<int> (pointers.capacity()));
-        pointers.resize (jmax (pointers.size(), (size_t) buffer.getNumChannels()));
-
-        std::copy (buffer.getArrayOfWritePointers(),
-                   buffer.getArrayOfWritePointers() + buffer.getNumChannels(),
-                   pointers.begin());
-
-        return pointers.data();
-    }
-
-private:
-    template <typename> struct Tag {};
-
-    auto& getPointers (Tag<float>)  { return floatPointers; }
-    auto& getPointers (Tag<double>) { return doublePointers; }
-
-    std::vector<float*>  floatPointers  { 128 };
-    std::vector<double*> doublePointers { 128 };
-};
-
-//==============================================================================
-struct VSTPluginInstance final   : public AudioPluginInstance,
-                                   private Timer,
-                                   private AsyncUpdater
-{
-    struct VSTParameter final   : public Parameter
-    {
-        VSTParameter (VSTPluginInstance& parent,
-                      const String& paramName,
-                      const Array<String>& shortParamNames,
-                      float paramDefaultValue,
-                      const String& paramLabel,
-                      bool paramIsAutomatable,
-                      bool paramIsDiscrete,
-                      int numParamSteps,
-                      bool isBoolSwitch,
-                      const StringArray& paramValueStrings,
-                      const VSTXMLInfo::ValueType* paramValueType)
-            : pluginInstance (parent),
-              name (paramName),
-              shortNames (shortParamNames),
-              defaultValue (paramDefaultValue),
-              label (paramLabel),
-              automatable (paramIsAutomatable),
-              discrete (paramIsDiscrete),
-              numSteps (numParamSteps),
-              isSwitch (isBoolSwitch),
-              vstValueStrings (paramValueStrings),
-              valueType (paramValueType)
-        {
-        }
-
-        float getValue() const override
-        {
-            if (auto* effect = pluginInstance.vstEffect)
-            {
-                const ScopedLock sl (pluginInstance.lock);
-
-                return effect->getParameter (effect, getParameterIndex());
-            }
-
-            return 0.0f;
-        }
-
-        void setValue (float newValue) override
-        {
-            if (auto* effect = pluginInstance.vstEffect)
-            {
-                const ScopedLock sl (pluginInstance.lock);
-
-                if (! approximatelyEqual (effect->getParameter (effect, getParameterIndex()), newValue))
-                    effect->setParameter (effect, getParameterIndex(), newValue);
-            }
-        }
-
-        String getText (float value, int maximumStringLength) const override
-        {
-            if (valueType != nullptr)
-            {
-                for (auto& v : valueType->entries)
-                    if (v->range.contains (value))
-                        return v->name;
-            }
-
-            return Parameter::getText (value, maximumStringLength);
-        }
-
-        float getValueForText (const String& text) const override
-        {
-            if (valueType != nullptr)
-            {
-                for (auto& v : valueType->entries)
-                    if (v->name == text)
-                        return (v->range.high + v->range.low) / 2.0f;
-            }
-
-            return Parameter::getValueForText (text);
-        }
-
-        String getCurrentValueAsText() const override
-        {
-            if (valueType != nullptr || ! vstValueStrings.isEmpty())
-                return getText (getValue(), 1024);
-
-            return pluginInstance.getTextForOpcode (getParameterIndex(), Vst2::effGetParamDisplay);
-        }
-
-        float getDefaultValue() const override
-        {
-            return defaultValue;
-        }
-
-        String getName (int maximumStringLength) const override
-        {
-            if (name.isEmpty())
-                return pluginInstance.getTextForOpcode (getParameterIndex(),
-                                                        Vst2::effGetParamName);
-
-            if (name.length() <= maximumStringLength)
-                return name;
-
-            if (! shortNames.isEmpty())
-            {
-                for (auto& n : shortNames)
-                    if (n.length() <= maximumStringLength)
-                        return n;
-
-                return shortNames.getLast();
-            }
-
-            return name;
-        }
-
-        String getLabel() const override
-        {
-            return label.isEmpty() ? pluginInstance.getTextForOpcode (getParameterIndex(),
-                                                                      Vst2::effGetParamLabel)
-                                   : label;
-        }
-
-        bool isAutomatable() const override
-        {
-            return automatable;
-        }
-
-        bool isDiscrete() const override
-        {
-            return discrete;
-        }
-
-        bool isBoolean() const override
-        {
-            return isSwitch;
-        }
-
-        int getNumSteps() const override
-        {
-            return numSteps;
-        }
-
-        StringArray getAllValueStrings() const override
-        {
-            return vstValueStrings;
-        }
-
-        String getParameterID() const override
-        {
-            return String (getParameterIndex());
-        }
-
-        VSTPluginInstance& pluginInstance;
-
-        const String name;
-        const Array<String> shortNames;
-        const float defaultValue;
-        const String label;
-        const bool automatable, discrete;
-        const int numSteps;
-        const bool isSwitch;
-        const StringArray vstValueStrings;
-        const VSTXMLInfo::ValueType* const valueType;
-    };
-
-    VSTPluginInstance (const ModuleHandle::Ptr& mh, const BusesProperties& ioConfig, Vst2::AEffect* effect,
-                       double sampleRateToUse, int blockSizeToUse)
-        : AudioPluginInstance (ioConfig),
-          vstEffect (effect),
-          vstModule (mh),
-          name (mh->pluginName),
-          bypassParam (new VST2BypassParameter (*this))
-    {
-        jassert (vstEffect != nullptr);
-
-        if (auto* xml = vstModule->vstXml.get())
-            xmlInfo.reset (VSTXMLInfo::createFor (*xml));
-
-        refreshParameterList();
-
-        vstSupportsBypass = (pluginCanDo ("bypass") > 0);
-        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (sampleRateToUse, blockSizeToUse);
-    }
-
-    void refreshParameterList() override
-    {
-        AudioProcessorParameterGroup newParameterTree;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < vstEffect->numParams; ++i)
-        {
-            String paramName;
-            Array<String> shortParamNames;
-            float defaultValue = 0;
-            String label;
-            bool isAutomatable = dispatch (Vst2::effCanBeAutomated, i, 0, nullptr, 0) != 0;
-            bool isDiscrete = false;
-            int numSteps = AudioProcessor::getDefaultNumParameterSteps();
-            bool isBoolSwitch = false;
-            StringArray parameterValueStrings;
-            const VSTXMLInfo::ValueType* valueType = nullptr;
-
-            if (xmlInfo != nullptr)
-            {
-                if (auto* param = xmlInfo->getParamForID (i, nullptr))
-                {
-                    paramName = param->name;
-
-                    for (auto& n : param->shortNames)
-                        shortParamNames.add (n);
-
-                    struct LengthComparator
-                    {
-                        static int compareElements (const juce::String& first, const juce::String& second) noexcept
-                        {
-                            return first.length() - second.length();
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    LengthComparator comp;
-                    shortParamNames.sort (comp);
-
-                    defaultValue = param->defaultValue;
-                    label = param->label;
-
-                    if (param->type == "switch")
-                    {
-                        isBoolSwitch = true;
-                        numSteps = 2;
-                        valueType = &xmlInfo->switchValueType;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        valueType = xmlInfo->getValueType (param->type);
-                    }
-
-                    if (param->numberOfStates >= 2)
-                    {
-                        numSteps = param->numberOfStates;
-
-                        if (valueType != nullptr)
-                        {
-                            for (auto* entry : valueType->entries)
-                                parameterValueStrings.add (entry->name);
-
-                            parameterValueStrings.removeEmptyStrings();
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    isDiscrete = (numSteps != AudioProcessor::getDefaultNumParameterSteps());
-                }
-            }
-
-            newParameterTree.addChild (std::make_unique<VSTParameter> (*this, paramName, shortParamNames, defaultValue,
-                                                                       label, isAutomatable, isDiscrete, numSteps,
-                                                                       isBoolSwitch, parameterValueStrings, valueType));
-        }
-
-        setHostedParameterTree (std::move (newParameterTree));
-    }
-
-    ~VSTPluginInstance() override
-    {
-        if (vstEffect != nullptr && vstEffect->magic == 0x56737450 /* 'VstP' */)
-            MessageManager::callSync ([this] { cleanup(); });
-    }
-
-    void cleanup()
-    {
-        if (vstEffect != nullptr && vstEffect->magic == 0x56737450 /* 'VstP' */)
-        {
-           #if JUCE_MAC
-            if (vstModule->resFileId != 0)
-                UseResFile (vstModule->resFileId);
-           #endif
-
-            // Must delete any editors before deleting the plugin instance!
-            jassert (getActiveEditor() == nullptr);
-
-            _fpreset(); // some dodgy plug-ins mess around with this
-
-            vstModule->closeEffect (vstEffect);
-        }
-
-        vstModule = nullptr;
-        vstEffect = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    static VSTPluginInstance* create (const ModuleHandle::Ptr& newModule,
-                                      double initialSampleRate,
-                                      int initialBlockSize)
-    {
-        if (auto* newEffect = constructEffect (newModule))
-        {
-            newEffect->resvd2 = 0;
-
-            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effIdentify, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-
-            auto blockSize = jmax (32, initialBlockSize);
-
-            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effSetSampleRate, 0, 0, nullptr, static_cast<float> (initialSampleRate));
-            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effSetBlockSize,  0, blockSize, nullptr, 0);
-
-            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effOpen, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-            BusesProperties ioConfig = queryBusIO (newEffect);
-
-            return new VSTPluginInstance (newModule, ioConfig, newEffect, initialSampleRate, blockSize);
-        }
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    void fillInPluginDescription (PluginDescription& desc) const override
-    {
-        desc.name = name;
-
-        {
-            char buffer[512] = { 0 };
-            dispatch (Vst2::effGetEffectName, 0, 0, buffer, 0);
-
-            desc.descriptiveName = String::createStringFromData (buffer, (int) sizeof (buffer)).trim();
-
-            if (desc.descriptiveName.isEmpty())
-                desc.descriptiveName = name;
-        }
-
-        desc.fileOrIdentifier = vstModule->file.getFullPathName();
-        desc.uniqueId = desc.deprecatedUid = getUID();
-        desc.lastFileModTime = vstModule->file.getLastModificationTime();
-        desc.lastInfoUpdateTime = Time::getCurrentTime();
-        desc.pluginFormatName = "VST";
-        desc.category = getCategory();
-
-        {
-            char buffer[512] = { 0 };
-            dispatch (Vst2::effGetVendorString, 0, 0, buffer, 0);
-            desc.manufacturerName = String::createStringFromData (buffer, (int) sizeof (buffer)).trim();
-        }
-
-        desc.version = getVersion();
-        desc.numInputChannels = getTotalNumInputChannels();
-        desc.numOutputChannels = getTotalNumOutputChannels();
-        desc.isInstrument = isSynthPlugin();
-    }
-
-    bool initialiseEffect (double initialSampleRate, int initialBlockSize)
-    {
-        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
-        {
-            vstEffect->resvd2 = (pointer_sized_int) (pointer_sized_int) this;
-            initialise (initialSampleRate, initialBlockSize);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    void initialise (double initialSampleRate, int initialBlockSize)
-    {
-        if (initialised || vstEffect == nullptr)
-            return;
-
-       #if JUCE_WINDOWS
-        // On Windows it's highly advisable to create your plugins using the message thread,
-        // because many plugins need a chance to create HWNDs that will get their
-        // messages delivered by the main message thread, and that's not possible from
-        // a background thread.
-        JUCE_ASSERT_MESSAGE_THREAD
-       #endif
-
-        JUCE_VST_LOG ("Initialising VST: " + vstModule->pluginName + " (" + getVersion() + ")");
-        initialised = true;
-
-        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (initialSampleRate, initialBlockSize);
-
-        dispatch (Vst2::effIdentify, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-
-        if (getSampleRate() > 0)
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetSampleRate, 0, 0, nullptr, (float) getSampleRate());
-
-        if (getBlockSize() > 0)
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetBlockSize, 0, jmax (32, getBlockSize()), nullptr, 0);
-
-        dispatch (Vst2::effOpen, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-
-        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (getSampleRate(), getBlockSize());
-
-        if (getNumPrograms() > 1)
-            setCurrentProgram (0);
-        else
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetProgram, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-
-        for (int i = vstEffect->numInputs;  --i >= 0;)  dispatch (Vst2::effConnectInput,  i, 1, nullptr, 0);
-        for (int i = vstEffect->numOutputs; --i >= 0;)  dispatch (Vst2::effConnectOutput, i, 1, nullptr, 0);
-
-        if (getVstCategory() != Vst2::kPlugCategShell) // (workaround for Waves 5 plugins which crash during this call)
-            updateStoredProgramNames();
-
-        wantsMidiMessages = pluginCanDo ("receiveVstMidiEvent") > 0 || isSynthPlugin();
-
-        setLatencySamples (vstEffect->initialDelay);
-    }
-
-    void getExtensions (ExtensionsVisitor& visitor) const override
-    {
-        struct Extensions final : public ExtensionsVisitor::VSTClient
-        {
-            explicit Extensions (const VSTPluginInstance* instanceIn) : instance (instanceIn) {}
-
-            AEffect* getAEffectPtr() const noexcept override   { return reinterpret_cast<AEffect*> (instance->vstEffect); }
-
-            const VSTPluginInstance* instance = nullptr;
-        };
-
-        visitor.visitVSTClient (Extensions { this });
-    }
-
-    void* getPlatformSpecificData() override    { return vstEffect; }
-
-    const String getName() const override
-    {
-        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
-        {
-            char buffer[512] = { 0 };
-
-            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetProductString, 0, 0, buffer, 0) != 0)
-            {
-                String productName = String::createStringFromData (buffer, (int) sizeof (buffer));
-
-                if (productName.isNotEmpty())
-                    return productName;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return name;
-    }
-
-    int getUID() const
-    {
-        int uid = vstEffect != nullptr ? vstEffect->uniqueID : 0;
-
-        if (uid == 0)
-            uid = vstModule->file.hashCode();
-
-        return uid;
-    }
-
-    double getTailLengthSeconds() const override
-    {
-        if (vstEffect == nullptr)
-            return 0.0;
-
-        if ((vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsNoSoundInStop) != 0)
-            return 0.0;
-
-        auto tailSize = dispatch (Vst2::effGetTailSize, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-        auto sampleRate = getSampleRate();
-
-        // remain backward compatible with old JUCE plug-ins: anything larger
-        // than INT32_MAX is an invalid tail time but old JUCE 64-bit plug-ins
-        // would return INT64_MAX for infinite tail time. So treat anything
-        // equal or greater than INT32_MAX as infinite tail time.
-        if (tailSize >= std::numeric_limits<int32>::max())
-            return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
-
-        if (tailSize >= 0 && sampleRate > 0)
-            return static_cast<double> (tailSize) / sampleRate;
-
-        return 0.0;
-    }
-
-    bool acceptsMidi() const override    { return wantsMidiMessages; }
-    bool producesMidi() const override   { return pluginCanDo ("sendVstMidiEvent") > 0; }
-    bool supportsMPE() const override    { return pluginCanDo ("MPE") > 0; }
-
-    Vst2::VstPlugCategory getVstCategory() const noexcept     { return (Vst2::VstPlugCategory) dispatch (Vst2::effGetPlugCategory, 0, 0, nullptr, 0); }
-
-    bool isSynthPlugin() const  { return (vstEffect != nullptr && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsIsSynth) != 0); }
-
-    int pluginCanDo (const char* text) const  { return (int) dispatch (Vst2::effCanDo, 0, 0, (void*) text,  0); }
-
-    std::optional<String> getNameForMidiNoteNumber (int note, int midiChannel) override
-    {
-        Vst2::MidiKeyName keyName{};
-
-        keyName.thisProgramIndex = getCurrentProgram();
-        keyName.thisKeyNumber = note;
-
-        return dispatch (Vst2::effGetMidiKeyName, midiChannel, 0, &keyName, 0.0f) != 0
-             ? std::make_optional (String::createStringFromData (keyName.keyName, Vst2::kVstMaxNameLen))
-             : std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    void prepareToPlay (double rate, int samplesPerBlockExpected) override
-    {
-        auto numInputBuses  = getBusCount (true);
-        auto numOutputBuses = getBusCount (false);
-
-        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (rate, samplesPerBlockExpected);
-
-        if (numInputBuses <= 1 && numOutputBuses <= 1)
-        {
-            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder inArr  (getChannelLayoutOfBus (true,  0));
-            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder outArr (getChannelLayoutOfBus (false, 0));
-
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetSpeakerArrangement, 0, (pointer_sized_int) &inArr.get(), (void*) &outArr.get(), 0.0f);
-        }
-
-        vstHostTime.tempo = 120.0;
-        vstHostTime.timeSigNumerator = 4;
-        vstHostTime.timeSigDenominator = 4;
-        vstHostTime.sampleRate = rate;
-        vstHostTime.samplePos = 0;
-        vstHostTime.flags = Vst2::kVstNanosValid
-                              | Vst2::kVstAutomationWriting
-                              | Vst2::kVstAutomationReading;
-
-        initialise (rate, samplesPerBlockExpected);
-
-        if (initialised)
-        {
-            wantsMidiMessages = wantsMidiMessages || (pluginCanDo ("receiveVstMidiEvent") > 0) || isSynthPlugin();
-
-            if (wantsMidiMessages)
-                midiEventsToSend.ensureSize (256);
-            else
-                midiEventsToSend.freeEvents();
-
-            incomingMidi.clear();
-
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetSampleRate, 0, 0, nullptr, (float) rate);
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetBlockSize, 0, jmax (16, samplesPerBlockExpected), nullptr, 0);
-
-            if (supportsDoublePrecisionProcessing())
-            {
-                int32 vstPrecision = isUsingDoublePrecision() ? Vst2::kVstProcessPrecision64
-                                                              : Vst2::kVstProcessPrecision32;
-
-                dispatch (Vst2::effSetProcessPrecision, 0, (pointer_sized_int) vstPrecision, nullptr, 0);
-            }
-
-            auto maxChannels = jmax (1, jmax (vstEffect->numInputs, vstEffect->numOutputs));
-
-            tmpBufferFloat .setSize (maxChannels, samplesPerBlockExpected);
-            tmpBufferDouble.setSize (maxChannels, samplesPerBlockExpected);
-
-            channelBufferFloat .calloc (static_cast<size_t> (maxChannels));
-            channelBufferDouble.calloc (static_cast<size_t> (maxChannels));
-
-            outOfPlaceBuffer.setSize (jmax (1, vstEffect->numOutputs), samplesPerBlockExpected);
-
-            if (! isPowerOn)
-                setPower (true);
-
-            // dodgy hack to force some plugins to initialise the sample rate.
-            if (! hasEditor())
-            {
-                if (auto* firstParam = getParameters()[0])
-                {
-                    auto old = firstParam->getValue();
-                    firstParam->setValue ((old < 0.5f) ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
-                    firstParam->setValue (old);
-                }
-            }
-
-            dispatch (Vst2::effStartProcess, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-
-            setLatencySamples (vstEffect->initialDelay);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void releaseResources() override
-    {
-        if (initialised)
-        {
-            dispatch (Vst2::effStopProcess, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-            setPower (false);
-        }
-
-        channelBufferFloat.free();
-        tmpBufferFloat.setSize (0, 0);
-
-        channelBufferDouble.free();
-        tmpBufferDouble.setSize (0, 0);
-
-        outOfPlaceBuffer.setSize (1, 1);
-        incomingMidi.clear();
-
-        midiEventsToSend.freeEvents();
-    }
-
-    void reset() override
-    {
-        if (isPowerOn)
-        {
-            setPower (false);
-            setPower (true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    void processBlock (AudioBuffer<float>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
-    {
-        jassert (! isUsingDoublePrecision());
-        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferFloat, channelBufferFloat, false);
-    }
-
-    void processBlock (AudioBuffer<double>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
-    {
-        jassert (isUsingDoublePrecision());
-        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferDouble, channelBufferDouble, false);
-    }
-
-    void processBlockBypassed (AudioBuffer<float>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
-    {
-        jassert (! isUsingDoublePrecision());
-        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferFloat, channelBufferFloat, true);
-    }
-
-    void processBlockBypassed (AudioBuffer<double>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
-    {
-        jassert (isUsingDoublePrecision());
-        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferDouble, channelBufferDouble, true);
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    bool supportsDoublePrecisionProcessing() const override
-    {
-        return ((vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsCanReplacing) != 0
-             && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsCanDoubleReplacing) != 0);
-    }
-
-    AudioProcessorParameter* getBypassParameter() const override               { return vstSupportsBypass ? bypassParam.get() : nullptr; }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    bool canAddBus (bool) const override                                       { return false; }
-    bool canRemoveBus (bool) const override                                    { return false; }
-
-    bool isBusesLayoutSupported (const BusesLayout& layouts) const override
-    {
-        auto numInputBuses  = getBusCount (true);
-        auto numOutputBuses = getBusCount (false);
-
-        // it's not possible to change layout if there are sidechains/aux buses
-        if (numInputBuses > 1 || numOutputBuses > 1)
-            return (layouts == getBusesLayout());
-
-        return (layouts.getNumChannels (true,  0) <= vstEffect->numInputs
-             && layouts.getNumChannels (false, 0) <= vstEffect->numOutputs);
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-   #if JUCE_IOS || JUCE_ANDROID
-    bool hasEditor() const override                  { return false; }
-   #else
-    bool hasEditor() const override                  { return vstEffect != nullptr && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsHasEditor) != 0; }
-   #endif
-
-    AudioProcessorEditor* createEditor() override;
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    const String getInputChannelName (int index) const override
-    {
-        if (isValidChannel (index, true))
-        {
-            Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
-            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetInputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
-                return String (pinProps.label, sizeof (pinProps.label));
-        }
-
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    bool isInputChannelStereoPair (int index) const override
-    {
-        if (! isValidChannel (index, true))
-            return false;
-
-        Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
-        if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetInputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
-            return (pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0;
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    const String getOutputChannelName (int index) const override
-    {
-        if (isValidChannel (index, false))
-        {
-            Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
-            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetOutputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
-                return String (pinProps.label, sizeof (pinProps.label));
-        }
-
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    bool isOutputChannelStereoPair (int index) const override
-    {
-        if (! isValidChannel (index, false))
-            return false;
-
-        Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
-        if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetOutputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
-            return (pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0;
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    bool isValidChannel (int index, bool isInput) const noexcept
-    {
-        return isPositiveAndBelow (index, isInput ? getTotalNumInputChannels()
-                                                  : getTotalNumOutputChannels());
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    int getNumPrograms() override          { return vstEffect != nullptr ? jmax (0, vstEffect->numPrograms) : 0; }
-
-    // NB: some plugs return negative numbers from this function.
-    int getCurrentProgram() override       { return (int) dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgram, 0, 0, nullptr, 0); }
-
-    void setCurrentProgram (int newIndex) override
-    {
-        if (getNumPrograms() > 0 && newIndex != getCurrentProgram())
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetProgram, 0, jlimit (0, getNumPrograms() - 1, newIndex), nullptr, 0);
-    }
-
-    const String getProgramName (int index) override
-    {
-        if (index >= 0)
-        {
-            if (index == getCurrentProgram())
-                return getCurrentProgramName();
-
-            if (vstEffect != nullptr)
-            {
-                char nm[264] = { 0 };
-
-                if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgramNameIndexed, jlimit (0, getNumPrograms() - 1, index), -1, nm, 0) != 0)
-                    return String::fromUTF8 (nm).trim();
-            }
-        }
-
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    void changeProgramName (int index, const String& newName) override
-    {
-        if (index >= 0 && index == getCurrentProgram())
-        {
-            if (getNumPrograms() > 0 && newName != getCurrentProgramName())
-                dispatch (Vst2::effSetProgramName, 0, 0, (void*) newName.substring (0, 24).toRawUTF8(), 0.0f);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            jassertfalse; // xxx not implemented!
-        }
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    void getStateInformation (MemoryBlock& mb) override                  { saveToFXBFile (mb, true); }
-    void getCurrentProgramStateInformation (MemoryBlock& mb) override    { saveToFXBFile (mb, false); }
-
-    void setStateInformation (const void* data, int size) override               { loadFromFXBFile (data, (size_t) size); }
-    void setCurrentProgramStateInformation (const void* data, int size) override { loadFromFXBFile (data, (size_t) size); }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    void timerCallback() override
-    {
-        if (dispatch (Vst2::effIdle, 0, 0, nullptr, 0) == 0)
-            stopTimer();
-    }
-
-    void handleAsyncUpdate() override
-    {
-        updateHostDisplay (AudioProcessorListener::ChangeDetails().withProgramChanged (true)
-                                                                  .withParameterInfoChanged (true));
-    }
-
-    pointer_sized_int handleCallback (int32 opcode, int32 index, pointer_sized_int value, void* ptr, float opt)
-    {
-        switch (opcode)
-        {
-            case Vst2::audioMasterAutomate:
-                if (auto* param = getParameters()[index])
-                    param->sendValueChangedMessageToListeners (opt);
-                else
-                    jassertfalse; // Invalid parameter index!
-
-                break;
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterProcessEvents:            handleMidiFromPlugin ((const Vst2::VstEvents*) ptr); break;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetTime:                  return getVSTTime();
-            case Vst2::audioMasterIdle:                     handleIdle(); break;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterSizeWindow:               setWindowSize (index, (int) value); return 1;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterUpdateDisplay:            triggerAsyncUpdate(); break;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterIOChanged:                setLatencySamples (vstEffect->initialDelay); break;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterNeedIdle:                 startTimer (50); break;
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetSampleRate:            return (pointer_sized_int) (getSampleRate() > 0 ? getSampleRate() : defaultVSTSampleRateValue);
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetBlockSize:             return (pointer_sized_int) (getBlockSize() > 0  ? getBlockSize()  : defaultVSTBlockSizeValue);
-            case Vst2::audioMasterWantMidi:                 wantsMidiMessages = true; break;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetDirectory:             return getVstDirectory();
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterTempoAt:                  return (pointer_sized_int) (extraFunctions != nullptr ? extraFunctions->getTempoAt ((int64) value) : 0);
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetAutomationState:       return (pointer_sized_int) (extraFunctions != nullptr ? extraFunctions->getAutomationState() : 0);
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterBeginEdit:
-                if (auto* param = getParameters()[index])
-                    param->beginChangeGesture();
-                else
-                    jassertfalse; // Invalid parameter index!
-
-                break;
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterEndEdit:
-                if (auto* param = getParameters()[index])
-                    param->endChangeGesture();
-                else
-                    jassertfalse; // Invalid parameter index!
-
-                break;
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterPinConnected:             return isValidChannel (index, value == 0) ? 0 : 1; // (yes, 0 = true)
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetCurrentProcessLevel:   return isNonRealtime() ? 4 : 0;
-
-            // none of these are handled (yet)...
-            case Vst2::audioMasterSetTime:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetParameterQuantization:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetInputLatency:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetOutputLatency:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetPreviousPlug:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetNextPlug:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterWillReplaceOrAccumulate:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineStart:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineRead:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineWrite:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineGetCurrentPass:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineGetCurrentMetaPass:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetOutputSpeakerArrangement:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterVendorSpecific:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterSetIcon:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetLanguage:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterOpenWindow:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterCloseWindow:
-                break;
-
-            default:
-                return handleGeneralCallback (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // handles non plugin-specific callbacks.
-    static pointer_sized_int handleGeneralCallback (int32 opcode, int32 /*index*/, pointer_sized_int /*value*/, void* ptr, float /*opt*/)
-    {
-        switch (opcode)
-        {
-            case Vst2::audioMasterCanDo:                        return handleCanDo ((const char*) ptr);
-            case Vst2::audioMasterVersion:                      return 2400;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterCurrentId:                    return shellUIDToCreate;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetNumAutomatableParameters:  return 0;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetAutomationState:           return 1;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetVendorVersion:             return 0x0101;
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetVendorString:
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetProductString:             return getHostName ((char*) ptr);
-
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetSampleRate:                return (pointer_sized_int) defaultVSTSampleRateValue;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterGetBlockSize:                 return (pointer_sized_int) defaultVSTBlockSizeValue;
-            case Vst2::audioMasterSetOutputSampleRate:          return 0;
-
-            default:
-                DBG ("*** Unhandled VST Callback: " + String ((int) opcode));
-                break;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    pointer_sized_int dispatch (int opcode, int index, pointer_sized_int value, void* const ptr, float opt) const
-    {
-        pointer_sized_int result = 0;
-
-        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
-        {
-            const ScopedLock sl (lock);
-            const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
-
-            try
-            {
-               #if JUCE_MAC
-                auto oldResFile = CurResFile();
-
-                if (vstModule->resFileId != 0)
-                    UseResFile (vstModule->resFileId);
-               #endif
-
-                result = vstEffect->dispatcher (vstEffect, opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
-
-               #if JUCE_MAC
-                auto newResFile = CurResFile();
-
-                if (newResFile != oldResFile)  // avoid confusing the parent app's resource file with the plug-in's
-                {
-                    vstModule->resFileId = newResFile;
-                    UseResFile (oldResFile);
-                }
-               #endif
-            }
-            catch (...)
-            {}
-        }
-
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    bool loadFromFXBFile (const void* const data, const size_t dataSize)
-    {
-        if (dataSize < 28)
-            return false;
-
-        auto set = (const fxSet*) data;
-
-        if ((! compareMagic (set->chunkMagic, "CcnK")) || fxbSwap (set->version) > fxbVersionNum)
-            return false;
-
-        if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FxBk"))
-        {
-            // bank of programs
-            if (fxbSwap (set->numPrograms) >= 0)
-            {
-                auto oldProg = getCurrentProgram();
-                auto numParams = fxbSwap (((const fxProgram*) (set->programs))->numParams);
-                auto progLen = (int) sizeof (fxProgram) + (numParams - 1) * (int) sizeof (float);
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < fxbSwap (set->numPrograms); ++i)
-                {
-                    if (i != oldProg)
-                    {
-                        auto prog = addBytesToPointer (set->programs, i * progLen);
-
-                        if (getAddressDifference (prog, set) >= (int) dataSize)
-                            return false;
-
-                        if (fxbSwap (set->numPrograms) > 0)
-                            setCurrentProgram (i);
-
-                        if (! restoreProgramSettings (prog))
-                            return false;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (fxbSwap (set->numPrograms) > 0)
-                    setCurrentProgram (oldProg);
-
-                auto prog = addBytesToPointer (set->programs, oldProg * progLen);
-
-                if (getAddressDifference (prog, set) >= (int) dataSize)
-                    return false;
-
-                if (! restoreProgramSettings (prog))
-                    return false;
-            }
-        }
-        else if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FxCk"))
-        {
-            // single program
-            auto prog = (const fxProgram*) data;
-
-            if (! compareMagic (prog->chunkMagic, "CcnK"))
-                return false;
-
-            changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), prog->prgName);
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < fxbSwap (prog->numParams); ++i)
-                if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
-                    param->setValue (fxbSwapFloat (prog->params[i]));
-        }
-        else if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FBCh"))
-        {
-            // non-preset chunk
-            auto cset = (const fxChunkSet*) data;
-
-            if ((size_t) fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize) + sizeof (fxChunkSet) - 8 > (size_t) dataSize)
-                return false;
-
-            setChunkData (cset->chunk, fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize), false);
-        }
-        else if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FPCh"))
-        {
-            // preset chunk
-            auto cset = (const fxProgramSet*) data;
-
-            if ((size_t) fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize) + sizeof (fxProgramSet) - 8 > (size_t) dataSize)
-                return false;
-
-            setChunkData (cset->chunk, fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize), true);
-
-            changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), cset->name);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    bool saveToFXBFile (MemoryBlock& dest, bool isFXB, int maxSizeMB = 128)
-    {
-        auto numPrograms = getNumPrograms();
-        auto numParams = getParameters().size();
-
-        if (usesChunks())
-        {
-            MemoryBlock chunk;
-            getChunkData (chunk, ! isFXB, maxSizeMB);
-
-            if (isFXB)
-            {
-                auto totalLen = sizeof (fxChunkSet) + chunk.getSize() - 8;
-                dest.setSize (totalLen, true);
-
-                auto set = (fxChunkSet*) dest.getData();
-                set->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
-                set->byteSize = 0;
-                set->fxMagic = fxbName ("FBCh");
-                set->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
-                set->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
-                set->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
-                set->numPrograms = fxbSwap (numPrograms);
-                set->chunkSize = fxbSwap ((int32) chunk.getSize());
-
-                chunk.copyTo (set->chunk, 0, chunk.getSize());
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                auto totalLen = sizeof (fxProgramSet) + chunk.getSize() - 8;
-                dest.setSize (totalLen, true);
-
-                auto set = (fxProgramSet*) dest.getData();
-                set->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
-                set->byteSize = 0;
-                set->fxMagic = fxbName ("FPCh");
-                set->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
-                set->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
-                set->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
-                set->numPrograms = fxbSwap (numPrograms);
-                set->chunkSize = fxbSwap ((int32) chunk.getSize());
-
-                getCurrentProgramName().copyToUTF8 (set->name, sizeof (set->name) - 1);
-                chunk.copyTo (set->chunk, 0, chunk.getSize());
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (isFXB)
-            {
-                auto progLen = (int) sizeof (fxProgram) + (numParams - 1) * (int) sizeof (float);
-                auto len = (size_t) (progLen * jmax (1, numPrograms)) + (sizeof (fxSet) - sizeof (fxProgram));
-                dest.setSize (len, true);
-
-                auto set = (fxSet*) dest.getData();
-                set->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
-                set->byteSize = 0;
-                set->fxMagic = fxbName ("FxBk");
-                set->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
-                set->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
-                set->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
-                set->numPrograms = fxbSwap (numPrograms);
-
-                MemoryBlock oldSettings;
-                createTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
-
-                auto oldProgram = getCurrentProgram();
-
-                if (oldProgram >= 0)
-                    setParamsInProgramBlock (addBytesToPointer (set->programs, oldProgram * progLen));
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < numPrograms; ++i)
-                {
-                    if (i != oldProgram)
-                    {
-                        setCurrentProgram (i);
-                        setParamsInProgramBlock (addBytesToPointer (set->programs, i * progLen));
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (oldProgram >= 0)
-                    setCurrentProgram (oldProgram);
-
-                restoreFromTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                dest.setSize ((size_t) ((numParams - 1) * (int) sizeof (float)) + sizeof (fxProgram), true);
-                setParamsInProgramBlock ((fxProgram*) dest.getData());
-            }
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    bool usesChunks() const noexcept        { return vstEffect != nullptr && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsProgramChunks) != 0; }
-
-    bool getChunkData (MemoryBlock& mb, bool isPreset, int maxSizeMB) const
-    {
-        if (usesChunks())
-        {
-            void* data = nullptr;
-            auto bytes = (size_t) dispatch (Vst2::effGetChunk, isPreset ? 1 : 0, 0, &data, 0.0f);
-
-            if (data != nullptr && bytes <= (size_t) maxSizeMB * 1024 * 1024)
-            {
-                mb.setSize (bytes);
-                mb.copyFrom (data, 0, bytes);
-
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    bool setChunkData (const void* data, const int size, bool isPreset)
-    {
-        if (size > 0 && usesChunks())
-        {
-            dispatch (Vst2::effSetChunk, isPreset ? 1 : 0, size, (void*) data, 0.0f);
-
-            if (! isPreset)
-                updateStoredProgramNames();
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    bool updateSizeFromEditor (int w, int h);
-
-    Vst2::AEffect* vstEffect;
-    ModuleHandle::Ptr vstModule;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginFormat::ExtraFunctions> extraFunctions;
-
-private:
-    //==============================================================================
-    struct VST2BypassParameter final : public Parameter
-    {
-        VST2BypassParameter (VSTPluginInstance& effectToUse)
-            : parent (effectToUse),
-              vstOnStrings (TRANS ("on"), TRANS ("yes"), TRANS ("true")),
-              vstOffStrings (TRANS ("off"), TRANS ("no"), TRANS ("false")),
-              values (TRANS ("Off"), TRANS ("On"))
-        {
-        }
-
-        void setValue (float newValue) override
-        {
-            currentValue = (! approximatelyEqual (newValue, 0.0f));
-
-            if (parent.vstSupportsBypass)
-                parent.dispatch (Vst2::effSetBypass, 0, currentValue ? 1 : 0, nullptr, 0.0f);
-        }
-
-        float getValueForText (const String& text) const override
-        {
-            String lowercaseText (text.toLowerCase());
-
-            for (auto& testText : vstOnStrings)
-                if (lowercaseText == testText)
-                    return 1.0f;
-
-            for (auto& testText : vstOffStrings)
-                if (lowercaseText == testText)
-                    return 0.0f;
-
-            return text.getIntValue() != 0 ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
-        }
-
-        float getValue() const override                                     { return currentValue; }
-        float getDefaultValue() const override                              { return 0.0f; }
-        String getName (int /*maximumStringLength*/) const override         { return "Bypass"; }
-        String getText (float value, int) const override                    { return (! approximatelyEqual (value, 0.0f) ? TRANS ("On") : TRANS ("Off")); }
-        bool isAutomatable() const override                                 { return true; }
-        bool isDiscrete() const override                                    { return true; }
-        bool isBoolean() const override                                     { return true; }
-        int getNumSteps() const override                                    { return 2; }
-        StringArray getAllValueStrings() const override                     { return values; }
-        String getLabel() const override                                    { return {}; }
-        String getParameterID() const override                              { return {}; }
-
-        VSTPluginInstance& parent;
-        bool currentValue = false;
-        StringArray vstOnStrings, vstOffStrings, values;
-    };
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    String name;
-    CriticalSection lock;
-    std::atomic<bool> wantsMidiMessages { false };
-    bool initialised = false;
-    std::atomic<bool> isPowerOn { false };
-    bool lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass = false, vstSupportsBypass = false;
-    mutable StringArray programNames;
-    AudioBuffer<float> outOfPlaceBuffer;
-    TempChannelPointers tempChannelPointers[2];
-
-    CriticalSection midiInLock;
-    MidiBuffer incomingMidi;
-    VSTMidiEventList midiEventsToSend;
-    Vst2::VstTimeInfo vstHostTime;
-
-    AudioBuffer<float> tmpBufferFloat;
-    HeapBlock<float*> channelBufferFloat;
-
-    AudioBuffer<double> tmpBufferDouble;
-    HeapBlock<double*> channelBufferDouble;
-    std::unique_ptr<VST2BypassParameter> bypassParam;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<VSTXMLInfo> xmlInfo;
-
-    static pointer_sized_int handleCanDo (const char* name)
-    {
-        static const char* canDos[] = { "supplyIdle",
-                                        "sendVstEvents",
-                                        "sendVstMidiEvent",
-                                        "sendVstTimeInfo",
-                                        "receiveVstEvents",
-                                        "receiveVstMidiEvent",
-                                        "supportShell",
-                                        "sizeWindow",
-                                        "shellCategory" };
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < numElementsInArray (canDos); ++i)
-            if (strcmp (canDos[i], name) == 0)
-                return 1;
-
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    static pointer_sized_int getHostName (char* name)
-    {
-        String hostName (JUCE_VST_FALLBACK_HOST_NAME);
-
-        if (auto* app = JUCEApplicationBase::getInstance())
-            hostName = app->getApplicationName();
-
-        hostName.copyToUTF8 (name, (size_t) jmin (Vst2::kVstMaxVendorStrLen, Vst2::kVstMaxProductStrLen) - 1);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    pointer_sized_int getVSTTime() noexcept
-    {
-        JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC (4311)
-
-        return (pointer_sized_int) &vstHostTime;
-
-        JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC
-    }
-
-    void handleIdle()
-    {
-        if (insideVSTCallback == 0 && MessageManager::getInstance()->isThisTheMessageThread())
-        {
-            const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
-
-           #if JUCE_MAC
-            if (getActiveEditor() != nullptr)
-                dispatch (Vst2::effEditIdle, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-           #endif
-
-            Timer::callPendingTimersSynchronously();
-            handleUpdateNowIfNeeded();
-
-            for (int i = ComponentPeer::getNumPeers(); --i >= 0;)
-                if (auto* p = ComponentPeer::getPeer (i))
-                    p->performAnyPendingRepaintsNow();
-        }
-    }
-
-    void setWindowSize (int width, int height)
-    {
-       #if JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD
-        const MessageManagerLock mmLock;
-       #endif
-
-        updateSizeFromEditor (width, height);
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    static Vst2::AEffect* constructEffect (const ModuleHandle::Ptr& module)
-    {
-        Vst2::AEffect* effect = nullptr;
-        try
-        {
-            const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
-            _fpreset();
-
-            JUCE_VST_LOG ("Creating VST instance: " + module->pluginName);
-
-           #if JUCE_MAC
-            if (module->resFileId != 0)
-                UseResFile (module->resFileId);
-           #endif
-
-            constexpr Vst2::audioMasterCallback audioMaster = [] (Vst2::AEffect* eff,
-                                                                  Vst2::VstInt32 opcode,
-                                                                  Vst2::VstInt32 index,
-                                                                  Vst2::VstIntPtr value,
-                                                                  void* ptr,
-                                                                  float opt) -> Vst2::VstIntPtr
-            {
-                if (eff != nullptr)
-                    if (auto* instance = (VSTPluginInstance*) (eff->resvd2))
-                        return instance->handleCallback (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
-
-                return VSTPluginInstance::handleGeneralCallback (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
-            };
-
-            {
-                JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_INVOKE_MAIN
-            }
-
-            if (effect != nullptr && effect->magic == 0x56737450 /* 'VstP' */)
-            {
-                jassert (effect->resvd2 == 0);
-                jassert (effect->object != nullptr);
-
-                _fpreset(); // some dodgy plugs mess around with this
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                effect = nullptr;
-            }
-        }
-        catch (...)
-        {}
-
-        return effect;
-    }
-
-    static BusesProperties queryBusIO (Vst2::AEffect* effect)
-    {
-        BusesProperties returnValue;
-
-        if (effect->numInputs == 0 && effect->numOutputs == 0)
-            return returnValue;
-
-        // Workaround for old broken JUCE plug-ins which would return an invalid
-        // speaker arrangement if the host didn't ask for a specific arrangement
-        // beforehand.
-        // Check if the plug-in reports any default layouts. If it doesn't, then
-        // try setting a default layout compatible with the number of pins this
-        // plug-in is reporting.
-        if (! pluginHasDefaultChannelLayouts (effect))
-        {
-            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder canonicalIn  (AudioChannelSet::canonicalChannelSet (effect->numInputs));
-            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder canonicalOut (AudioChannelSet::canonicalChannelSet (effect->numOutputs));
-
-            effect->dispatcher (effect, Vst2::effSetSpeakerArrangement, 0,
-                                      (pointer_sized_int) &canonicalIn.get(), (void*) &canonicalOut.get(), 0.0f);
-        }
-
-        const auto arrangement = getSpeakerArrangementWrapper (effect);
-
-        for (int dir = 0; dir < 2; ++dir)
-        {
-            const bool isInput = (dir == 0);
-            const int opcode = (isInput ? Vst2::effGetInputProperties : Vst2::effGetOutputProperties);
-            const int maxChannels = (isInput ? effect->numInputs : effect->numOutputs);
-            const auto* arr = (isInput ? arrangement.in : arrangement.out);
-            bool busAdded = false;
-
-            Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
-            AudioChannelSet layout;
-
-            for (int ch = 0; ch < maxChannels; ch += layout.size())
-            {
-                if (effect->dispatcher (effect, opcode, ch, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) == 0)
-                    break;
-
-                if ((pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinUseSpeaker) != 0)
-                {
-                    layout = SpeakerMappings::vstArrangementTypeToChannelSet (pinProps.arrangementType, 0);
-
-                    if (layout.isDisabled())
-                        break;
-                }
-                else if (arr == nullptr)
-                {
-                    layout = ((pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0 ? AudioChannelSet::stereo() : AudioChannelSet::mono());
-                }
-                else
-                    break;
-
-                busAdded = true;
-                returnValue.addBus (isInput, pinProps.label, layout, true);
-            }
-
-            // no buses?
-            if (! busAdded && maxChannels > 0)
-            {
-                String busName = (isInput ? "Input" : "Output");
-
-                if (effect->dispatcher (effect, opcode, 0, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
-                    busName = pinProps.label;
-
-                if (arr != nullptr)
-                    layout = SpeakerMappings::vstArrangementTypeToChannelSet (*arr);
-                else
-                    layout = AudioChannelSet::canonicalChannelSet (maxChannels);
-
-                returnValue.addBus (isInput, busName, layout, true);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return returnValue;
-    }
-
-    static bool pluginHasDefaultChannelLayouts (Vst2::AEffect* effect)
-    {
-        if (getSpeakerArrangementWrapper (effect).isValid())
-            return true;
-
-        for (int dir = 0; dir < 2; ++dir)
-        {
-            const bool isInput = (dir == 0);
-            const int opcode = (isInput ? Vst2::effGetInputProperties : Vst2::effGetOutputProperties);
-            const int maxChannels = (isInput ? effect->numInputs : effect->numOutputs);
-
-            int channels = 1;
-
-            for (int ch = 0; ch < maxChannels; ch += channels)
-            {
-                Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
-
-                if (effect->dispatcher (effect, opcode, ch, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) == 0)
-                    return false;
-
-                if ((pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinUseSpeaker) != 0)
-                    return true;
-
-                channels = (pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0 ? 2 : 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    struct SpeakerArrangements
-    {
-        const Vst2::VstSpeakerArrangement* in;
-        const Vst2::VstSpeakerArrangement* out;
-
-        bool isValid() const noexcept { return in != nullptr && out != nullptr; }
-    };
-
-    static SpeakerArrangements getSpeakerArrangementWrapper (Vst2::AEffect* effect)
-    {
-        // Workaround: unfortunately old JUCE VST-2 plug-ins had a bug and would crash if
-        // you try to get the speaker arrangement when there are no input channels present.
-        // Hopefully, one day (when there are no more old JUCE plug-ins around), we can
-        // comment out the next two lines.
-        if (effect->numInputs == 0)
-            return { nullptr, nullptr };
-
-        SpeakerArrangements result { nullptr, nullptr };
-        const auto dispatchResult = effect->dispatcher (effect,
-                                                        Vst2::effGetSpeakerArrangement,
-                                                        0,
-                                                        reinterpret_cast<pointer_sized_int> (&result.in),
-                                                        &result.out,
-                                                        0.0f);
-
-        if (dispatchResult != 0)
-            return result;
-
-        return { nullptr, nullptr };
-    }
-
-    template <typename Member, typename Value>
-    void setFromOptional (Member& target, Optional<Value> opt, int32_t flag)
-    {
-        if (opt.hasValue())
-        {
-            target = static_cast<Member> (*opt);
-            vstHostTime.flags |= flag;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            vstHostTime.flags &= ~flag;
-        }
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    template <typename FloatType>
-    void processAudio (AudioBuffer<FloatType>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages,
-                       AudioBuffer<FloatType>& tmpBuffer,
-                       HeapBlock<FloatType*>& channelBuffer,
-                       bool processBlockBypassedCalled)
-    {
-        if (vstSupportsBypass)
-        {
-            updateBypass (processBlockBypassedCalled);
-        }
-        else if (processBlockBypassedCalled)
-        {
-            // if this vst does not support bypass then we will have to do this ourselves
-            AudioProcessor::processBlockBypassed (buffer, midiMessages);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        auto numSamples  = buffer.getNumSamples();
-        auto numChannels = buffer.getNumChannels();
-
-        if (initialised)
-        {
-            if (auto* currentPlayHead = getPlayHead())
-            {
-                if (const auto position = currentPlayHead->getPosition())
-                {
-                    if (const auto samplePos = position->getTimeInSamples())
-                        vstHostTime.samplePos = (double) *samplePos;
-                    else
-                        jassertfalse; // VST hosts *must* call setTimeInSamples on the audio playhead
-
-                    if (auto sig = position->getTimeSignature())
-                    {
-                        vstHostTime.flags |= Vst2::kVstTimeSigValid;
-                        vstHostTime.timeSigNumerator   = sig->numerator;
-                        vstHostTime.timeSigDenominator = sig->denominator;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstTimeSigValid;
-                    }
-
-                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.ppqPos,      position->getPpqPosition(),               Vst2::kVstPpqPosValid);
-                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.barStartPos, position->getPpqPositionOfLastBarStart(), Vst2::kVstBarsValid);
-                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.nanoSeconds, position->getHostTimeNs(),                Vst2::kVstNanosValid);
-                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.tempo,       position->getBpm(),                       Vst2::kVstTempoValid);
-
-                    int32 newTransportFlags = 0;
-                    if (position->getIsPlaying())     newTransportFlags |= Vst2::kVstTransportPlaying;
-                    if (position->getIsRecording())   newTransportFlags |= Vst2::kVstTransportRecording;
-
-                    if (newTransportFlags != (vstHostTime.flags & (Vst2::kVstTransportPlaying
-                                                                   | Vst2::kVstTransportRecording)))
-                        vstHostTime.flags = (vstHostTime.flags & ~(Vst2::kVstTransportPlaying | Vst2::kVstTransportRecording)) | newTransportFlags | Vst2::kVstTransportChanged;
-                    else
-                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstTransportChanged;
-
-                    const auto optionalFrameRate = [fr = position->getFrameRate()]() -> Optional<Vst2::VstInt32>
-                    {
-                        if (! fr.hasValue())
-                            return {};
-
-                        switch (fr->getBaseRate())
-                        {
-                            case 24:        return fr->isPullDown() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte239fps : Vst2::kVstSmpte24fps;
-                            case 25:        return fr->isPullDown() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte249fps : Vst2::kVstSmpte25fps;
-                            case 30:        return fr->isPullDown() ? (fr->isDrop() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte2997dfps : Vst2::kVstSmpte2997fps)
-                                                                    : (fr->isDrop() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte30dfps   : Vst2::kVstSmpte30fps);
-                            case 60:        return fr->isPullDown() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte599fps : Vst2::kVstSmpte60fps;
-                        }
-
-                        return {};
-                    }();
-
-                    vstHostTime.flags |= optionalFrameRate ? Vst2::kVstSmpteValid : 0;
-                    vstHostTime.smpteFrameRate = optionalFrameRate.orFallback (Vst2::VstSmpteFrameRate{});
-                    const auto effectiveRate = position->getFrameRate().hasValue() ? position->getFrameRate()->getEffectiveRate() : 0.0;
-                    vstHostTime.smpteOffset = (int32) (position->getTimeInSeconds().orFallback (0.0) * 80.0 * effectiveRate + 0.5);
-
-                    if (const auto loop = position->getLoopPoints())
-                    {
-                        vstHostTime.flags |= Vst2::kVstCyclePosValid;
-                        vstHostTime.cycleStartPos = loop->ppqStart;
-                        vstHostTime.cycleEndPos   = loop->ppqEnd;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstCyclePosValid;
-                    }
-
-                    if (position->getIsLooping())
-                        vstHostTime.flags |= Vst2::kVstTransportCycleActive;
-                    else
-                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstTransportCycleActive;
-                }
-            }
-
-            vstHostTime.nanoSeconds = getVSTHostTimeNanoseconds();
-
-            if (wantsMidiMessages)
-            {
-                midiEventsToSend.clear();
-                midiEventsToSend.ensureSize (1);
-
-                for (const auto metadata : midiMessages)
-                    midiEventsToSend.addEvent (metadata.data, metadata.numBytes,
-                                               jlimit (0, numSamples - 1, metadata.samplePosition));
-
-                vstEffect->dispatcher (vstEffect, Vst2::effProcessEvents, 0, 0, midiEventsToSend.events, 0);
-            }
-
-            _clearfp();
-
-            // always ensure that the buffer is at least as large as the maximum number of channels
-            auto maxChannels = jmax (vstEffect->numInputs, vstEffect->numOutputs);
-            auto channels = channelBuffer.get();
-
-            if (numChannels < maxChannels)
-            {
-                if (numSamples > tmpBuffer.getNumSamples())
-                    tmpBuffer.setSize (tmpBuffer.getNumChannels(), numSamples);
-
-                tmpBuffer.clear();
-            }
-
-            for (int ch = 0; ch < maxChannels; ++ch)
-                channels[ch] = (ch < numChannels ? buffer.getWritePointer (ch) : tmpBuffer.getWritePointer (ch));
-
-            {
-                AudioBuffer<FloatType> processBuffer (channels, maxChannels, numSamples);
-
-                invokeProcessFunction (processBuffer, numSamples);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // Not initialised, so just bypass.
-            for (int i = getTotalNumOutputChannels(); --i >= 0;)
-                buffer.clear (i, 0, buffer.getNumSamples());
-        }
-
-        {
-            // copy any incoming midi.
-            const ScopedLock sl (midiInLock);
-
-            midiMessages.swapWith (incomingMidi);
-            incomingMidi.clear();
-        }
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    inline void invokeProcessFunction (AudioBuffer<float>& buffer, int32 sampleFrames)
-    {
-        if ((vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsCanReplacing) != 0)
-        {
-            vstEffect->processReplacing (vstEffect, tempChannelPointers[0].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer),
-                                                    tempChannelPointers[1].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer), sampleFrames);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            outOfPlaceBuffer.setSize (vstEffect->numOutputs, sampleFrames);
-            outOfPlaceBuffer.clear();
-
-            vstEffect->process (vstEffect, tempChannelPointers[0].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer),
-                                           tempChannelPointers[1].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (outOfPlaceBuffer), sampleFrames);
-
-            for (int i = vstEffect->numOutputs; --i >= 0;)
-                buffer.copyFrom (i, 0, outOfPlaceBuffer.getReadPointer (i), sampleFrames);
-        }
-    }
-
-    inline void invokeProcessFunction (AudioBuffer<double>& buffer, int32 sampleFrames)
-    {
-        vstEffect->processDoubleReplacing (vstEffect, tempChannelPointers[0].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer),
-                                                      tempChannelPointers[1].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer), sampleFrames);
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    bool restoreProgramSettings (const fxProgram* const prog)
-    {
-        if (compareMagic (prog->chunkMagic, "CcnK")
-             && compareMagic (prog->fxMagic, "FxCk"))
-        {
-            changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), prog->prgName);
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < fxbSwap (prog->numParams); ++i)
-                if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
-                    param->setValue (fxbSwapFloat (prog->params[i]));
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    String getTextForOpcode (const int index, const int opcode) const
-    {
-        if (vstEffect == nullptr)
-            return {};
-
-        jassert (index >= 0 && index < vstEffect->numParams);
-        char nm[256] = { 0 };
-        dispatch (opcode, index, 0, nm, 0);
-        return String::createStringFromData (nm, (int) sizeof (nm)).trim();
-    }
-
-    String getCurrentProgramName()
-    {
-        String progName;
-
-        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
-        {
-            {
-                char nm[256] = { 0 };
-                dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgramName, 0, 0, nm, 0);
-                progName = String::createStringFromData (nm, (int) sizeof (nm)).trim();
-            }
-
-            const int index = getCurrentProgram();
-
-            if (index >= 0 && programNames[index].isEmpty())
-            {
-                while (programNames.size() < index)
-                    programNames.add (String());
-
-                programNames.set (index, progName);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return progName;
-    }
-
-    void setParamsInProgramBlock (fxProgram* prog)
-    {
-        auto numParams = getParameters().size();
-
-        prog->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
-        prog->byteSize = 0;
-        prog->fxMagic = fxbName ("FxCk");
-        prog->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
-        prog->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
-        prog->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
-        prog->numParams = fxbSwap (numParams);
-
-        getCurrentProgramName().copyToUTF8 (prog->prgName, sizeof (prog->prgName) - 1);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < numParams; ++i)
-            if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
-                prog->params[i] = fxbSwapFloat (param->getValue());
-    }
-
-    void updateStoredProgramNames()
-    {
-        if (vstEffect != nullptr && getNumPrograms() > 0)
-        {
-            char nm[256] = { 0 };
-
-            // only do this if the plugin can't use indexed names.
-            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgramNameIndexed, 0, -1, nm, 0) == 0)
-            {
-                auto oldProgram = getCurrentProgram();
-                MemoryBlock oldSettings;
-                createTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < getNumPrograms(); ++i)
-                {
-                    setCurrentProgram (i);
-                    getCurrentProgramName();  // (this updates the list)
-                }
-
-                setCurrentProgram (oldProgram);
-                restoreFromTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void handleMidiFromPlugin (const Vst2::VstEvents* events)
-    {
-        if (events != nullptr)
-        {
-            const ScopedLock sl (midiInLock);
-            VSTMidiEventList::addEventsToMidiBuffer (events, incomingMidi);
-        }
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    void createTempParameterStore (MemoryBlock& dest)
-    {
-        auto numParameters = getParameters().size();
-        dest.setSize (64 + 4 * (size_t) numParameters);
-        dest.fillWith (0);
-
-        getCurrentProgramName().copyToUTF8 ((char*) dest.getData(), 63);
-
-        auto p = unalignedPointerCast<float*> (((char*) dest.getData()) + 64);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < numParameters; ++i)
-            if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
-                p[i] = param->getValue();
-    }
-
-    void restoreFromTempParameterStore (const MemoryBlock& m)
-    {
-        changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), (const char*) m.getData());
-
-        auto p = unalignedPointerCast<float*> (((char*) m.getData()) + 64);
-        auto numParameters = getParameters().size();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < numParameters; ++i)
-            if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
-                param->setValue (p[i]);
-    }
-
-    pointer_sized_int getVstDirectory() const
-    {
-       #if JUCE_MAC
-        return (pointer_sized_int) (void*) &vstModule->parentDirFSSpec;
-       #else
-        return (pointer_sized_int) (pointer_sized_uint) vstModule->fullParentDirectoryPathName.toRawUTF8();
-       #endif
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    int getVersionNumber() const noexcept   { return vstEffect != nullptr ? vstEffect->version : 0; }
-
-    String getVersion() const
-    {
-        auto v = (unsigned int) dispatch (Vst2::effGetVendorVersion, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-
-        String s;
-
-        if (v == 0 || (int) v == -1)
-            v = (unsigned int) getVersionNumber();
-
-        if (v != 0)
-        {
-            // See yfede's post for the rational on this encoding
-            // https://forum.juce.com/t/issues-with-version-integer-reported-by-vst2/23867/6
-
-            unsigned int major = 0, minor = 0, bugfix = 0, build = 0;
-
-            if (v < 10)            // Encoding A
-            {
-                major = v;
-            }
-            else if (v < 10000)    // Encoding B
-            {
-                major  = (v / 1000);
-                minor  = (v % 1000) / 100;
-                bugfix = (v % 100)  / 10;
-                build  = (v % 10);
-            }
-            else if (v < 0x10000)  // Encoding C
-            {
-                major  = (v / 10000);
-                minor  = (v % 10000) / 1000;
-                bugfix = (v % 1000)  / 100;
-                build  = (v % 100)   / 10;
-            }
-            else if (v < 0x650000) // Encoding D
-            {
-                major  = (v >> 16) & 0xff;
-                minor  = (v >> 8)  & 0xff;
-                bugfix = (v >> 0)  & 0xff;
-            }
-            else                  // Encoding E
-            {
-                major  = (v / 10000000);
-                minor  = (v % 10000000) / 100000;
-                bugfix = (v % 100000)   / 1000;
-                build  = (v % 1000);
-            }
-
-            s << (int) major << '.' << (int) minor << '.' << (int) bugfix << '.' << (int) build;
-        }
-
-        return s;
-    }
-
-    const char* getCategory() const
-    {
-        switch (getVstCategory())
-        {
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategEffect:          return "Effect";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategSynth:           return "Synth";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategAnalysis:        return "Analysis";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategMastering:       return "Mastering";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategSpacializer:     return "Spacial";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategRoomFx:          return "Reverb";
-            case Vst2::kPlugSurroundFx:           return "Surround";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategRestoration:     return "Restoration";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategGenerator:       return "Tone generation";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategOfflineProcess:  return "Offline Process";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategShell:           return "Shell";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategUnknown:         return "Unknown";
-            case Vst2::kPlugCategMaxCount:
-            default:                              break;
-        }
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    void setPower (const bool on)
-    {
-        dispatch (Vst2::effMainsChanged, 0, on ? 1 : 0, nullptr, 0);
-        isPowerOn = on;
-    }
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    void updateBypass (bool processBlockBypassedCalled)
-    {
-        if (processBlockBypassedCalled)
-        {
-            if (approximatelyEqual (bypassParam->getValue(), 0.0f) || ! lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass)
-                bypassParam->setValue (1.0f);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass)
-                bypassParam->setValue (0.0f);
-        }
-
-        lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass = processBlockBypassedCalled;
-    }
-
-    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (VSTPluginInstance)
-};
-
 //==============================================================================
 #if ! (JUCE_IOS || JUCE_ANDROID)
 struct VSTPluginWindow;
@@ -2798,7 +73,7 @@ struct VSTPluginWindow final : public AudioProcessorEditor,
                                private Timer
 {
 public:
-    VSTPluginWindow (VSTPluginInstance& plug)
+    explicit VSTPluginWindow (VSTPluginInstanceHeadless& plug)
         : AudioProcessorEditor (&plug),
          #if ! JUCE_MAC
           ComponentMovementWatcher (this),
@@ -3378,7 +653,7 @@ private:
     #endif
 
     //==============================================================================
-    VSTPluginInstance& plugin;
+    VSTPluginInstanceHeadless& plugin;
     float userScaleFactor = 1.0f;
     bool isOpen = false, recursiveResize = false;
     bool pluginWantsKeys = false, pluginRefusesToResize = false, alreadyInside = false;
@@ -3458,321 +733,88 @@ private:
 };
 #endif
 
-//==============================================================================
-AudioProcessorEditor* VSTPluginInstance::createEditor()
+class VSTPluginInstance final : public VSTPluginInstanceHeadless,
+                                private Timer,
+                                private AsyncUpdater
 {
-   #if JUCE_IOS || JUCE_ANDROID
-    return nullptr;
-   #else
-    return hasEditor() ? new VSTPluginWindow (*this)
-                       : nullptr;
-   #endif
-}
+public:
+    using VSTPluginInstanceHeadless::VSTPluginInstanceHeadless;
 
-bool VSTPluginInstance::updateSizeFromEditor ([[maybe_unused]] int w, [[maybe_unused]] int h)
-{
    #if ! JUCE_IOS && ! JUCE_ANDROID
-    if (auto* editor = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginWindow*> (getActiveEditor()))
-        return editor->updateSizeFromEditor (w, h);
+    bool hasEditor() const override
+    {
+        return vstEffect != nullptr && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsHasEditor) != 0;
+    }
+
+    VSTPluginWindow* createEditor() override
+    {
+        return hasEditor() ? new VSTPluginWindow (*this)
+                           : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void handleIdle() override
+    {
+        if (insideVSTCallback == 0 && MessageManager::getInstance()->isThisTheMessageThread())
+        {
+            const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
+
+            #if JUCE_MAC
+            if (getActiveEditor() != nullptr)
+                dispatch (Vst2::effEditIdle, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+            #endif
+
+            Timer::callPendingTimersSynchronously();
+            handleUpdateNowIfNeeded();
+
+            for (int i = ComponentPeer::getNumPeers(); --i >= 0;)
+                if (auto* p = ComponentPeer::getPeer (i))
+                    p->performAnyPendingRepaintsNow();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void updateDisplay() override
+    {
+        triggerAsyncUpdate();
+    }
+
+    void needIdle() override
+    {
+        startTimer (50);
+    }
+
+    bool updateSizeFromEditor (int w, int h) override
+    {
+        if (auto* editor = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginWindow*> (getActiveEditor()))
+            return editor->updateSizeFromEditor (w, h);
+
+        return false;
+    }
    #endif
 
-    return false;
-}
+private:
+    void timerCallback() override
+    {
+        if (dispatch (Vst2::effIdle, 0, 0, nullptr, 0) == 0)
+            stopTimer();
+    }
+
+    void handleAsyncUpdate() override
+    {
+        updateHostDisplay (AudioProcessorListener::ChangeDetails().withProgramChanged (true)
+                                                                  .withParameterInfoChanged (true));
+    }
+
+};
 
 //==============================================================================
-// entry point for all callbacks from the plugin
-//==============================================================================
-VSTPluginFormat::VSTPluginFormat() {}
-VSTPluginFormat::~VSTPluginFormat() {}
-
-static std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstance> createAndUpdateDesc (VSTPluginFormat& format, PluginDescription& desc)
-{
-    if (auto p = format.createInstanceFromDescription (desc, 44100.0, 512))
-    {
-        if (auto instance = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (p.release()))
-        {
-           #if JUCE_MAC
-            if (instance->vstModule->resFileId != 0)
-                UseResFile (instance->vstModule->resFileId);
-           #endif
-
-            instance->fillInPluginDescription (desc);
-            return std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstance> (instance);
-        }
-
-        jassertfalse;
-    }
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-void VSTPluginFormat::findAllTypesForFile (OwnedArray<PluginDescription>& results,
-                                           const String& fileOrIdentifier)
-{
-    if (! fileMightContainThisPluginType (fileOrIdentifier))
-        return;
-
-    PluginDescription desc;
-    desc.fileOrIdentifier = fileOrIdentifier;
-    desc.uniqueId = desc.deprecatedUid = 0;
-
-    auto instance = createAndUpdateDesc (*this, desc);
-
-    if (instance == nullptr)
-        return;
-
-    if (instance->getVstCategory() != Vst2::kPlugCategShell)
-    {
-        // Normal plugin...
-        results.add (new PluginDescription (desc));
-
-        instance->dispatch (Vst2::effOpen, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // It's a shell plugin, so iterate all the subtypes...
-        for (;;)
-        {
-            char shellEffectName [256] = { 0 };
-            auto uid = (int) instance->dispatch (Vst2::effShellGetNextPlugin, 0, 0, shellEffectName, 0);
-
-            if (uid == 0)
-                break;
-
-            desc.uniqueId = desc.deprecatedUid = uid;
-            desc.name = shellEffectName;
-
-            aboutToScanVSTShellPlugin (desc);
-
-            std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstance> shellInstance (createAndUpdateDesc (*this, desc));
-
-            if (shellInstance != nullptr)
-            {
-                jassert (desc.deprecatedUid == uid);
-                jassert (desc.uniqueId == uid);
-                desc.hasSharedContainer = true;
-                desc.name = shellEffectName;
-
-                if (! arrayContainsPlugin (results, desc))
-                    results.add (new PluginDescription (desc));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 void VSTPluginFormat::createPluginInstance (const PluginDescription& desc,
-                                            double sampleRate, int blockSize,
+                                            double sampleRate,
+                                            int blockSize,
                                             PluginCreationCallback callback)
 {
-    std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstance> result;
-
-    if (fileMightContainThisPluginType (desc.fileOrIdentifier))
-    {
-        File file (desc.fileOrIdentifier);
-
-        auto previousWorkingDirectory = File::getCurrentWorkingDirectory();
-        file.getParentDirectory().setAsCurrentWorkingDirectory();
-
-        if (auto module = ModuleHandle::findOrCreateModule (file))
-        {
-            shellUIDToCreate = desc.uniqueId != 0 ? desc.uniqueId : desc.deprecatedUid;
-
-            result.reset (VSTPluginInstance::create (module, sampleRate, blockSize));
-
-            if (result != nullptr && ! result->initialiseEffect (sampleRate, blockSize))
-                result.reset();
-        }
-
-        previousWorkingDirectory.setAsCurrentWorkingDirectory();
-    }
-
-    String errorMsg;
-
-    if (result == nullptr)
-        errorMsg = TRANS ("Unable to load XXX plug-in file").replace ("XXX", "VST-2");
-
-    callback (std::move (result), errorMsg);
+    createVstPluginInstance<VSTPluginInstance> (*this, desc, sampleRate, blockSize, callback);
 }
 
-bool VSTPluginFormat::requiresUnblockedMessageThreadDuringCreation (const PluginDescription&) const
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool VSTPluginFormat::fileMightContainThisPluginType (const String& fileOrIdentifier)
-{
-    auto f = File::createFileWithoutCheckingPath (fileOrIdentifier);
-
-  #if JUCE_MAC || JUCE_IOS
-    return f.isDirectory() && f.hasFileExtension (".vst");
-  #elif JUCE_WINDOWS
-    return f.existsAsFile() && f.hasFileExtension (".dll");
-  #elif JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_ANDROID
-    return f.existsAsFile() && f.hasFileExtension (".so");
-  #endif
-}
-
-String VSTPluginFormat::getNameOfPluginFromIdentifier (const String& fileOrIdentifier)
-{
-    return fileOrIdentifier;
-}
-
-bool VSTPluginFormat::pluginNeedsRescanning (const PluginDescription& desc)
-{
-    return File (desc.fileOrIdentifier).getLastModificationTime() != desc.lastFileModTime;
-}
-
-bool VSTPluginFormat::doesPluginStillExist (const PluginDescription& desc)
-{
-    return File (desc.fileOrIdentifier).exists();
-}
-
-StringArray VSTPluginFormat::searchPathsForPlugins (const FileSearchPath& directoriesToSearch, const bool recursive, bool)
-{
-    StringArray results;
-
-    for (int j = 0; j < directoriesToSearch.getNumPaths(); ++j)
-        recursiveFileSearch (results, directoriesToSearch [j], recursive);
-
-    return results;
-}
-
-void VSTPluginFormat::recursiveFileSearch (StringArray& results, const File& dir, const bool recursive)
-{
-    // avoid allowing the dir iterator to be recursive, because we want to avoid letting it delve inside
-    // .component or .vst directories.
-    for (const auto& iter : RangedDirectoryIterator (dir, false, "*", File::findFilesAndDirectories))
-    {
-        auto f = iter.getFile();
-        bool isPlugin = false;
-
-        if (fileMightContainThisPluginType (f.getFullPathName()))
-        {
-            isPlugin = true;
-            results.add (f.getFullPathName());
-        }
-
-        if (recursive && (! isPlugin) && f.isDirectory())
-            recursiveFileSearch (results, f, true);
-    }
-}
-
-FileSearchPath VSTPluginFormat::getDefaultLocationsToSearch()
-{
-   #if JUCE_MAC
-    return FileSearchPath ("~/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST;/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST");
-   #elif JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_ANDROID
-    return FileSearchPath (SystemStats::getEnvironmentVariable ("VST_PATH",
-                                                                "/usr/lib/vst;/usr/local/lib/vst;~/.vst")
-                             .replace (":", ";"));
-   #elif JUCE_WINDOWS
-    auto programFiles = File::getSpecialLocation (File::globalApplicationsDirectory).getFullPathName();
-
-    FileSearchPath paths;
-    paths.add (WindowsRegistry::getValue ("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\VST\\VSTPluginsPath"));
-    paths.addIfNotAlreadyThere (programFiles + "\\Steinberg\\VstPlugins");
-    paths.addIfNotAlreadyThere (programFiles + "\\VstPlugins");
-    paths.removeRedundantPaths();
-    return paths;
-   #elif JUCE_IOS
-    // on iOS you can only load plug-ins inside the hosts bundle folder
-    CFUniquePtr<CFURLRef> relativePluginDir (CFBundleCopyBuiltInPlugInsURL (CFBundleGetMainBundle()));
-    CFUniquePtr<CFURLRef> pluginDir (CFURLCopyAbsoluteURL (relativePluginDir.get()));
-
-    CFUniquePtr<CFStringRef> path (CFURLCopyFileSystemPath (pluginDir.get(), kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle));
-    FileSearchPath retval (String (CFStringGetCStringPtr (path.get(), kCFStringEncodingUTF8)));
-    return retval;
-   #endif
-}
-
-const XmlElement* VSTPluginFormat::getVSTXML (AudioPluginInstance* plugin)
-{
-    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (plugin))
-        if (vst->vstModule != nullptr)
-            return vst->vstModule->vstXml.get();
-
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-bool VSTPluginFormat::loadFromFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, size_t dataSize)
-{
-    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (plugin))
-        return vst->loadFromFXBFile (data, dataSize);
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool VSTPluginFormat::saveToFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& dest, bool asFXB)
-{
-    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (plugin))
-        return vst->saveToFXBFile (dest, asFXB);
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool VSTPluginFormat::getChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& result, bool isPreset)
-{
-    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (plugin))
-        return vst->getChunkData (result, isPreset, 128);
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool VSTPluginFormat::setChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, int size, bool isPreset)
-{
-    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (plugin))
-        return vst->setChunkData (data, size, isPreset);
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-AudioPluginInstance* VSTPluginFormat::createCustomVSTFromMainCall (void* entryPointFunction,
-                                                                   double initialSampleRate, int initialBufferSize)
-{
-    ModuleHandle::Ptr module = new ModuleHandle (File(), (MainCall) entryPointFunction);
-
-    if (module->open())
-    {
-        std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstance> result (VSTPluginInstance::create (module, initialSampleRate, initialBufferSize));
-
-        if (result != nullptr)
-            if (result->initialiseEffect (initialSampleRate, initialBufferSize))
-                return result.release();
-    }
-
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-void VSTPluginFormat::setExtraFunctions (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, ExtraFunctions* functions)
-{
-    std::unique_ptr<ExtraFunctions> f (functions);
-
-    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (plugin))
-        std::swap (vst->extraFunctions, f);
-}
-
-AudioPluginInstance* VSTPluginFormat::getPluginInstanceFromVstEffectInterface (void* aEffect)
-{
-    if (auto* vstAEffect = reinterpret_cast<Vst2::AEffect*> (aEffect))
-        if (auto* instanceVST = reinterpret_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (vstAEffect->resvd2))
-            return dynamic_cast<AudioPluginInstance*> (instanceVST);
-
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-pointer_sized_int JUCE_CALLTYPE VSTPluginFormat::dispatcher (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, int32 opcode, int32 index, pointer_sized_int value, void* ptr, float opt)
-{
-    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstance*> (plugin))
-        return vst->dispatch (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-void VSTPluginFormat::aboutToScanVSTShellPlugin (const PluginDescription&) {}
-
 } // namespace juce
 
-JUCE_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
-JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC
-
 #endif
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.h b/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.h
index 8ea9bc3f27..160471f2b0 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.h
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.h
@@ -37,103 +37,20 @@
 namespace juce
 {
 
-//==============================================================================
 /**
     Implements a plugin format manager for VSTs.
 
     @tags{Audio}
 */
-class JUCE_API  VSTPluginFormat   : public AudioPluginFormat
+class JUCE_API VSTPluginFormat : public VSTPluginFormatHeadless
 {
 public:
-    //==============================================================================
-    VSTPluginFormat();
-    ~VSTPluginFormat() override;
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    /** Attempts to retrieve the VSTXML data from a plugin.
-        Will return nullptr if the plugin isn't a VST, or if it doesn't have any VSTXML.
-    */
-    static const XmlElement* getVSTXML (AudioPluginInstance* plugin);
-
-    /** Attempts to reload a VST plugin's state from some FXB or FXP data. */
-    static bool loadFromFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, size_t dataSize);
-
-    /** Attempts to save a VST's state to some FXP or FXB data. */
-    static bool saveToFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& result, bool asFXB);
-
-    /** Attempts to get a VST's state as a chunk of memory. */
-    static bool getChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& result, bool isPreset);
-
-    /** Attempts to set a VST's state from a chunk of memory. */
-    static bool setChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, int size, bool isPreset);
-
-    /** Given a suitable function pointer to a VSTPluginMain function, this will attempt to
-        instantiate and return a plugin for it.
-    */
-    static AudioPluginInstance* createCustomVSTFromMainCall (void* entryPointFunction,
-                                                             double initialSampleRate,
-                                                             int initialBufferSize);
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    /** Base class for some extra functions that can be attached to a VST plugin instance. */
-    class ExtraFunctions
-    {
-    public:
-        virtual ~ExtraFunctions() {}
-
-        /** This should return 10000 * the BPM at this position in the current edit. */
-        virtual int64 getTempoAt (int64 samplePos) = 0;
-
-        /** This should return the host's automation state.
-            @returns 0 = not supported, 1 = off, 2 = read, 3 = write, 4 = read/write
-        */
-        virtual int getAutomationState() = 0;
-    };
-
-    /** Provides an ExtraFunctions callback object for a plugin to use.
-        The plugin will take ownership of the object and will delete it automatically.
-    */
-    static void setExtraFunctions (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, ExtraFunctions* functions);
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    /** This simply calls directly to the VST's AEffect::dispatcher() function. */
-    static pointer_sized_int JUCE_CALLTYPE dispatcher (AudioPluginInstance*, int32, int32, pointer_sized_int, void*, float);
-
-    /** Given a VstEffectInterface* (aka vst::AEffect*), this will return the juce AudioPluginInstance
-        that is being used to wrap it
-    */
-    static AudioPluginInstance* getPluginInstanceFromVstEffectInterface (void* aEffect);
-
-    //==============================================================================
-    static String getFormatName()                   { return "VST"; }
-    String getName() const override                 { return getFormatName(); }
-    bool canScanForPlugins() const override         { return true; }
-    bool isTrivialToScan() const override           { return false; }
-
-    void findAllTypesForFile (OwnedArray<PluginDescription>&, const String& fileOrIdentifier) override;
-    bool fileMightContainThisPluginType (const String& fileOrIdentifier) override;
-    String getNameOfPluginFromIdentifier (const String& fileOrIdentifier) override;
-    bool pluginNeedsRescanning (const PluginDescription&) override;
-    StringArray searchPathsForPlugins (const FileSearchPath&, bool recursive, bool) override;
-    bool doesPluginStillExist (const PluginDescription&) override;
-    FileSearchPath getDefaultLocationsToSearch() override;
-
-    /** Can be overridden to receive a callback when each member of a shell plugin is about to be
-        tested during a call to findAllTypesForFile().
-        Only the name and uid members of the PluginDescription are guaranteed to be valid when
-        this is called.
-    */
-    virtual void aboutToScanVSTShellPlugin (const PluginDescription&);
+    static std::unique_ptr<AudioPluginInstance> createCustomVSTFromMainCall (void* entryPointFunction,
+                                                                             double initialSampleRate,
+                                                                             int initialBufferSize);
 
 private:
-    //==============================================================================
-    void createPluginInstance (const PluginDescription&, double initialSampleRate,
-                               int initialBufferSize, PluginCreationCallback) override;
-    bool requiresUnblockedMessageThreadDuringCreation (const PluginDescription&) const override;
-    void recursiveFileSearch (StringArray&, const File&, bool recursive);
-
-    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (VSTPluginFormat)
+    void createPluginInstance (const PluginDescription&, double, int, PluginCreationCallback) override;
 };
 
 } // namespace juce
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors/juce_audio_processors.h b/modules/juce_audio_processors/juce_audio_processors.h
index a57c296974..9d28b8547c 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_processors/juce_audio_processors.h
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors/juce_audio_processors.h
@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@
 #include "format_types/juce_LADSPAPluginFormat.h"
 #include "format_types/juce_LV2PluginFormat.h"
 #include "format_types/juce_VST3PluginFormat.h"
-#include "format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h"
 #include "format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormat.h"
 #include "scanning/juce_PluginDirectoryScanner.h"
 #include "scanning/juce_PluginListComponent.h"
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h
similarity index 97%
rename from modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h
rename to modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h
index 1a62c80c43..84f409e5db 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
   ==============================================================================
 */
 
+#pragma once
+
 namespace juce
 {
 
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h
similarity index 95%
rename from modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h
rename to modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h
index fdf520ca54..002b628326 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@
   ==============================================================================
 */
 
-// NB: this must come first, *before* the header-guard.
-#ifdef JUCE_VSTINTERFACE_H_INCLUDED
+#pragma once
 
 namespace juce
 {
@@ -227,5 +226,3 @@ private:
 };
 
 } // namespace juce
-
-#endif // JUCE_VSTINTERFACE_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.cpp b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66fa7dd474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+  ==============================================================================
+
+   This file is part of the JUCE framework.
+   Copyright (c) Raw Material Software Limited
+
+   JUCE is an open source framework subject to commercial or open source
+   licensing.
+
+   By downloading, installing, or using the JUCE framework, or combining the
+   JUCE framework with any other source code, object code, content or any other
+   copyrightable work, you agree to the terms of the JUCE End User Licence
+   Agreement, and all incorporated terms including the JUCE Privacy Policy and
+   the JUCE Website Terms of Service, as applicable, which will bind you. If you
+   do not agree to the terms of these agreements, we will not license the JUCE
+   framework to you, and you must discontinue the installation or download
+   process and cease use of the JUCE framework.
+
+   JUCE End User Licence Agreement: https://juce.com/legal/juce-8-licence/
+   JUCE Privacy Policy: https://juce.com/juce-privacy-policy
+   JUCE Website Terms of Service: https://juce.com/juce-website-terms-of-service/
+
+   Or:
+
+   You may also use this code under the terms of the AGPLv3:
+   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html
+
+   THE JUCE FRAMEWORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, AND ALL
+   WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTY OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE DISCLAIMED.
+
+  ==============================================================================
+*/
+
+#if JUCE_PLUGINHOST_VST
+
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatImpl.h>
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/utilities/juce_CommonProcessorUtilities.h>
+
+namespace juce
+{
+
+void VSTPluginFormatHeadless::findAllTypesForFile (OwnedArray<PluginDescription>& results,
+                                                   const String& fileOrIdentifier)
+{
+    if (! fileMightContainThisPluginType (fileOrIdentifier))
+        return;
+
+    PluginDescription desc;
+    desc.fileOrIdentifier = fileOrIdentifier;
+    desc.uniqueId = desc.deprecatedUid = 0;
+
+    auto instance = createAndUpdateDesc (*this, desc);
+
+    if (instance == nullptr)
+        return;
+
+    if (instance->getVstCategory() != Vst2::kPlugCategShell)
+    {
+        // Normal plugin...
+        results.add (new PluginDescription (desc));
+
+        instance->dispatch (Vst2::effOpen, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // It's a shell plugin, so iterate all the subtypes...
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            char shellEffectName [256] = { 0 };
+            auto uid = (int) instance->dispatch (Vst2::effShellGetNextPlugin, 0, 0, shellEffectName, 0);
+
+            if (uid == 0)
+                break;
+
+            desc.uniqueId = desc.deprecatedUid = uid;
+            desc.name = shellEffectName;
+
+            aboutToScanVSTShellPlugin (desc);
+
+            std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless> shellInstance (createAndUpdateDesc (*this, desc));
+
+            if (shellInstance != nullptr)
+            {
+                jassert (desc.deprecatedUid == uid);
+                jassert (desc.uniqueId == uid);
+                desc.hasSharedContainer = true;
+                desc.name = shellEffectName;
+
+                if (! arrayContainsPlugin (results, desc))
+                    results.add (new PluginDescription (desc));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void VSTPluginFormatHeadless::createPluginInstance (const PluginDescription& desc,
+                                                    double sampleRate,
+                                                    int blockSize,
+                                                    PluginCreationCallback callback)
+{
+    createVstPluginInstance<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless> (*this, desc, sampleRate, blockSize, callback);
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::requiresUnblockedMessageThreadDuringCreation (const PluginDescription&) const
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::fileMightContainThisPluginType (const String& fileOrIdentifier)
+{
+    auto f = File::createFileWithoutCheckingPath (fileOrIdentifier);
+
+  #if JUCE_MAC || JUCE_IOS
+    return f.isDirectory() && f.hasFileExtension (".vst");
+  #elif JUCE_WINDOWS
+    return f.existsAsFile() && f.hasFileExtension (".dll");
+  #elif JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_ANDROID
+    return f.existsAsFile() && f.hasFileExtension (".so");
+  #endif
+}
+
+String VSTPluginFormatHeadless::getNameOfPluginFromIdentifier (const String& fileOrIdentifier)
+{
+    return fileOrIdentifier;
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::pluginNeedsRescanning (const PluginDescription& desc)
+{
+    return File (desc.fileOrIdentifier).getLastModificationTime() != desc.lastFileModTime;
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::doesPluginStillExist (const PluginDescription& desc)
+{
+    return File (desc.fileOrIdentifier).exists();
+}
+
+StringArray VSTPluginFormatHeadless::searchPathsForPlugins (const FileSearchPath& directoriesToSearch, const bool recursive, bool)
+{
+    StringArray results;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < directoriesToSearch.getNumPaths(); ++j)
+        recursiveFileSearch (results, directoriesToSearch [j], recursive);
+
+    return results;
+}
+
+void VSTPluginFormatHeadless::recursiveFileSearch (StringArray& results, const File& dir, const bool recursive)
+{
+    // avoid allowing the dir iterator to be recursive, because we want to avoid letting it delve inside
+    // .component or .vst directories.
+    for (const auto& iter : RangedDirectoryIterator (dir, false, "*", File::findFilesAndDirectories))
+    {
+        auto f = iter.getFile();
+        bool isPlugin = false;
+
+        if (fileMightContainThisPluginType (f.getFullPathName()))
+        {
+            isPlugin = true;
+            results.add (f.getFullPathName());
+        }
+
+        if (recursive && (! isPlugin) && f.isDirectory())
+            recursiveFileSearch (results, f, true);
+    }
+}
+
+FileSearchPath VSTPluginFormatHeadless::getDefaultLocationsToSearch()
+{
+   #if JUCE_MAC
+    return FileSearchPath ("~/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST;/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST");
+   #elif JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_ANDROID
+    return FileSearchPath (SystemStats::getEnvironmentVariable ("VST_PATH",
+                                                                "/usr/lib/vst;/usr/local/lib/vst;~/.vst")
+                             .replace (":", ";"));
+   #elif JUCE_WINDOWS
+    auto programFiles = File::getSpecialLocation (File::globalApplicationsDirectory).getFullPathName();
+
+    FileSearchPath paths;
+    paths.add (WindowsRegistry::getValue ("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\VST\\VSTPluginsPath"));
+    paths.addIfNotAlreadyThere (programFiles + "\\Steinberg\\VstPlugins");
+    paths.addIfNotAlreadyThere (programFiles + "\\VstPlugins");
+    paths.removeRedundantPaths();
+    return paths;
+   #elif JUCE_IOS
+    // on iOS you can only load plug-ins inside the hosts bundle folder
+    CFUniquePtr<CFURLRef> relativePluginDir (CFBundleCopyBuiltInPlugInsURL (CFBundleGetMainBundle()));
+    CFUniquePtr<CFURLRef> pluginDir (CFURLCopyAbsoluteURL (relativePluginDir.get()));
+
+    CFUniquePtr<CFStringRef> path (CFURLCopyFileSystemPath (pluginDir.get(), kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle));
+    FileSearchPath retval (String (CFStringGetCStringPtr (path.get(), kCFStringEncodingUTF8)));
+    return retval;
+   #endif
+}
+
+const XmlElement* VSTPluginFormatHeadless::getVSTXML (AudioPluginInstance* plugin)
+{
+    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (plugin))
+        if (vst->vstModule != nullptr)
+            return vst->vstModule->vstXml.get();
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::loadFromFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, size_t dataSize)
+{
+    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (plugin))
+        return vst->loadFromFXBFile (data, dataSize);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::saveToFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& dest, bool asFXB)
+{
+    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (plugin))
+        return vst->saveToFXBFile (dest, asFXB);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::getChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& result, bool isPreset)
+{
+    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (plugin))
+        return vst->getChunkData (result, isPreset, 128);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VSTPluginFormatHeadless::setChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, int size, bool isPreset)
+{
+    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (plugin))
+        return vst->setChunkData (data, size, isPreset);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+AudioPluginInstance* VSTPluginFormatHeadless::createCustomVSTFromMainCall (void* entryPointFunction,
+                                                                           double initialSampleRate,
+                                                                           int initialBufferSize)
+{
+    return createCustomVSTFromMainCallImpl<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless> (entryPointFunction, initialSampleRate, initialBufferSize).release();
+}
+
+void VSTPluginFormatHeadless::setExtraFunctions (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, ExtraFunctions* functions)
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<ExtraFunctions> f (functions);
+
+    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (plugin))
+        std::swap (vst->extraFunctions, f);
+}
+
+AudioPluginInstance* VSTPluginFormatHeadless::getPluginInstanceFromVstEffectInterface (void* aEffect)
+{
+    if (auto* vstAEffect = reinterpret_cast<Vst2::AEffect*> (aEffect))
+        if (auto* instanceVST = reinterpret_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (vstAEffect->resvd2))
+            return dynamic_cast<AudioPluginInstance*> (instanceVST);
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+pointer_sized_int JUCE_CALLTYPE VSTPluginFormatHeadless::dispatcher (AudioPluginInstance* plugin,
+                                                                     int32 opcode,
+                                                                     int32 index,
+                                                                     pointer_sized_int value,
+                                                                     void* ptr,
+                                                                     float opt)
+{
+    if (auto* vst = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (plugin))
+        return vst->dispatch (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+void VSTPluginFormatHeadless::aboutToScanVSTShellPlugin (const PluginDescription&) {}
+
+} // namespace juce
+
+#endif
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.h b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3319a03e09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+  ==============================================================================
+
+   This file is part of the JUCE framework.
+   Copyright (c) Raw Material Software Limited
+
+   JUCE is an open source framework subject to commercial or open source
+   licensing.
+
+   By downloading, installing, or using the JUCE framework, or combining the
+   JUCE framework with any other source code, object code, content or any other
+   copyrightable work, you agree to the terms of the JUCE End User Licence
+   Agreement, and all incorporated terms including the JUCE Privacy Policy and
+   the JUCE Website Terms of Service, as applicable, which will bind you. If you
+   do not agree to the terms of these agreements, we will not license the JUCE
+   framework to you, and you must discontinue the installation or download
+   process and cease use of the JUCE framework.
+
+   JUCE End User Licence Agreement: https://juce.com/legal/juce-8-licence/
+   JUCE Privacy Policy: https://juce.com/juce-privacy-policy
+   JUCE Website Terms of Service: https://juce.com/juce-website-terms-of-service/
+
+   Or:
+
+   You may also use this code under the terms of the AGPLv3:
+   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html
+
+   THE JUCE FRAMEWORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, AND ALL
+   WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTY OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE DISCLAIMED.
+
+  ==============================================================================
+*/
+
+#if (JUCE_PLUGINHOST_VST || DOXYGEN)
+
+namespace juce
+{
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+    Implements a plugin format manager for VSTs.
+
+    @tags{Audio}
+*/
+class JUCE_API  VSTPluginFormatHeadless   : public AudioPluginFormat
+{
+public:
+    //==============================================================================
+    VSTPluginFormatHeadless() = default;
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    /** Attempts to retrieve the VSTXML data from a plugin.
+        Will return nullptr if the plugin isn't a VST, or if it doesn't have any VSTXML.
+    */
+    static const XmlElement* getVSTXML (AudioPluginInstance* plugin);
+
+    /** Attempts to reload a VST plugin's state from some FXB or FXP data. */
+    static bool loadFromFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, size_t dataSize);
+
+    /** Attempts to save a VST's state to some FXP or FXB data. */
+    static bool saveToFXBFile (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& result, bool asFXB);
+
+    /** Attempts to get a VST's state as a chunk of memory. */
+    static bool getChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, MemoryBlock& result, bool isPreset);
+
+    /** Attempts to set a VST's state from a chunk of memory. */
+    static bool setChunkData (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, const void* data, int size, bool isPreset);
+
+    /** Given a suitable function pointer to a VSTPluginMain function, this will attempt to
+        instantiate and return a plugin for it.
+    */
+    static AudioPluginInstance* createCustomVSTFromMainCall (void* entryPointFunction,
+                                                             double initialSampleRate,
+                                                             int initialBufferSize);
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    /** Base class for some extra functions that can be attached to a VST plugin instance. */
+    class ExtraFunctions
+    {
+    public:
+        virtual ~ExtraFunctions() {}
+
+        /** This should return 10000 * the BPM at this position in the current edit. */
+        virtual int64 getTempoAt (int64 samplePos) = 0;
+
+        /** This should return the host's automation state.
+            @returns 0 = not supported, 1 = off, 2 = read, 3 = write, 4 = read/write
+        */
+        virtual int getAutomationState() = 0;
+    };
+
+    /** Provides an ExtraFunctions callback object for a plugin to use.
+        The plugin will take ownership of the object and will delete it automatically.
+    */
+    static void setExtraFunctions (AudioPluginInstance* plugin, ExtraFunctions* functions);
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    /** This simply calls directly to the VST's AEffect::dispatcher() function. */
+    static pointer_sized_int JUCE_CALLTYPE dispatcher (AudioPluginInstance*, int32, int32, pointer_sized_int, void*, float);
+
+    /** Given a VstEffectInterface* (aka vst::AEffect*), this will return the juce AudioPluginInstance
+        that is being used to wrap it
+    */
+    static AudioPluginInstance* getPluginInstanceFromVstEffectInterface (void* aEffect);
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    static String getFormatName()                   { return "VST"; }
+    String getName() const override                 { return getFormatName(); }
+    bool canScanForPlugins() const override         { return true; }
+    bool isTrivialToScan() const override           { return false; }
+
+    void findAllTypesForFile (OwnedArray<PluginDescription>&, const String& fileOrIdentifier) override;
+    bool fileMightContainThisPluginType (const String& fileOrIdentifier) override;
+    String getNameOfPluginFromIdentifier (const String& fileOrIdentifier) override;
+    bool pluginNeedsRescanning (const PluginDescription&) override;
+    StringArray searchPathsForPlugins (const FileSearchPath&, bool recursive, bool) override;
+    bool doesPluginStillExist (const PluginDescription&) override;
+    FileSearchPath getDefaultLocationsToSearch() override;
+
+    /** Can be overridden to receive a callback when each member of a shell plugin is about to be
+        tested during a call to findAllTypesForFile().
+        Only the name and uid members of the PluginDescription are guaranteed to be valid when
+        this is called.
+    */
+    virtual void aboutToScanVSTShellPlugin (const PluginDescription&);
+
+private:
+    //==============================================================================
+    void createPluginInstance (const PluginDescription&, double initialSampleRate,
+                               int initialBufferSize, PluginCreationCallback) override;
+    bool requiresUnblockedMessageThreadDuringCreation (const PluginDescription&) const override;
+    void recursiveFileSearch (StringArray&, const File&, bool recursive);
+
+    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (VSTPluginFormatHeadless)
+};
+
+} // namespace juce
+
+#endif
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatImpl.h b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatImpl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e3f89d309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatImpl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2816 @@
+/*
+  ==============================================================================
+
+   This file is part of the JUCE framework.
+   Copyright (c) Raw Material Software Limited
+
+   JUCE is an open source framework subject to commercial or open source
+   licensing.
+
+   By downloading, installing, or using the JUCE framework, or combining the
+   JUCE framework with any other source code, object code, content or any other
+   copyrightable work, you agree to the terms of the JUCE End User Licence
+   Agreement, and all incorporated terms including the JUCE Privacy Policy and
+   the JUCE Website Terms of Service, as applicable, which will bind you. If you
+   do not agree to the terms of these agreements, we will not license the JUCE
+   framework to you, and you must discontinue the installation or download
+   process and cease use of the JUCE framework.
+
+   JUCE End User Licence Agreement: https://juce.com/legal/juce-8-licence/
+   JUCE Privacy Policy: https://juce.com/juce-privacy-policy
+   JUCE Website Terms of Service: https://juce.com/juce-website-terms-of-service/
+
+   Or:
+
+   You may also use this code under the terms of the AGPLv3:
+   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html
+
+   THE JUCE FRAMEWORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, AND ALL
+   WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTY OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE DISCLAIMED.
+
+  ==============================================================================
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if JUCE_PLUGINHOST_VST
+
+//==============================================================================
+#undef PRAGMA_ALIGN_SUPPORTED
+
+
+#if ! JUCE_MSVC
+ #define __cdecl
+#endif
+
+JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_GCC_LIKE ("-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant")
+JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC (4996)
+
+#define VST_FORCE_DEPRECATED 0
+
+namespace Vst2
+{
+struct AEffect;
+
+// If the following files cannot be found then you are probably trying to host
+// VST2 plug-ins. To do this you must have a VST2 SDK in your header search
+// paths or use the "VST (Legacy) SDK Folder" field in the Projucer. The VST2
+// SDK can be obtained from the vstsdk3610_11_06_2018_build_37 (or older) VST3
+// SDK or JUCE version 5.3.2.
+#include <pluginterfaces/vst2.x/aeffect.h>
+#include <pluginterfaces/vst2.x/aeffectx.h>
+}
+
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTCommon.h>
+
+JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC
+JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_GCC_LIKE
+
+JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC (4355)
+JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
+
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTMidiEventList.h>
+
+#if ! JUCE_WINDOWS
+ static void _fpreset() {}
+ static void _clearfp() {}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
+ #define JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
+#endif
+
+#ifndef JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_INVOKE_MAIN
+#define JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_INVOKE_MAIN  effect = module->moduleMain (audioMaster);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef JUCE_VST_FALLBACK_HOST_NAME
+ #define JUCE_VST_FALLBACK_HOST_NAME "Juce VST Host"
+#endif
+
+//==============================================================================
+namespace juce
+{
+
+//==============================================================================
+namespace
+{
+    const int fxbVersionNum = 1;
+
+    struct fxProgram
+    {
+        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
+        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
+        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxCk'
+        int32 version;
+        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
+        int32 fxVersion;
+        int32 numParams;
+        char prgName[28];
+        float params[1];        // variable no. of parameters
+    };
+
+    struct fxSet
+    {
+        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
+        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
+        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxBk'
+        int32 version;
+        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
+        int32 fxVersion;
+        int32 numPrograms;
+        char future[128];
+        fxProgram programs[1];  // variable no. of programs
+    };
+
+    struct fxChunkSet
+    {
+        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
+        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
+        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxCh', 'FPCh', or 'FBCh'
+        int32 version;
+        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
+        int32 fxVersion;
+        int32 numPrograms;
+        char future[128];
+        int32 chunkSize;
+        char chunk[8];          // variable
+    };
+
+    struct fxProgramSet
+    {
+        int32 chunkMagic;    // 'CcnK'
+        int32 byteSize;      // of this chunk, excl. magic + byteSize
+        int32 fxMagic;       // 'FxCh', 'FPCh', or 'FBCh'
+        int32 version;
+        int32 fxID;          // fx unique id
+        int32 fxVersion;
+        int32 numPrograms;
+        char name[28];
+        int32 chunkSize;
+        char chunk[8];          // variable
+    };
+
+    // Compares a magic value in either endianness.
+    static bool compareMagic (int32 magic, const char* name) noexcept
+    {
+        return magic == (int32) ByteOrder::littleEndianInt (name)
+            || magic == (int32) ByteOrder::bigEndianInt (name);
+    }
+
+    static int32 fxbName (const char* name) noexcept    { return (int32) ByteOrder::littleEndianInt (name); }
+    static int32 fxbSwap (int32 x) noexcept             { return (int32) ByteOrder::swapIfLittleEndian ((uint32) x); }
+
+    static float fxbSwapFloat (const float x) noexcept
+    {
+       #ifdef JUCE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+        union { uint32 asInt; float asFloat; } n;
+        n.asFloat = x;
+        n.asInt = ByteOrder::swap (n.asInt);
+        return n.asFloat;
+       #else
+        return x;
+       #endif
+    }
+}
+
+//==============================================================================
+namespace
+{
+    static double getVSTHostTimeNanoseconds() noexcept
+    {
+       #if JUCE_WINDOWS
+        return timeGetTime() * 1000000.0;
+       #elif JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_IOS || JUCE_ANDROID
+        timeval micro;
+        gettimeofday (&micro, nullptr);
+        return (double) micro.tv_usec * 1000.0;
+       #elif JUCE_MAC
+        UnsignedWide micro;
+        Microseconds (&micro);
+        return micro.lo * 1000.0;
+       #endif
+    }
+
+    static int shellUIDToCreate = 0;
+    static int insideVSTCallback = 0;
+
+    struct IdleCallRecursionPreventer
+    {
+        IdleCallRecursionPreventer()  : isMessageThread (MessageManager::getInstance()->isThisTheMessageThread())
+        {
+            if (isMessageThread)
+                ++insideVSTCallback;
+        }
+
+        ~IdleCallRecursionPreventer()
+        {
+            if (isMessageThread)
+                --insideVSTCallback;
+        }
+
+        const bool isMessageThread;
+        JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE (IdleCallRecursionPreventer)
+    };
+
+   #if JUCE_MAC
+    static bool makeFSRefFromPath (FSRef* destFSRef, const String& path)
+    {
+        return FSPathMakeRef (reinterpret_cast<const UInt8*> (path.toRawUTF8()), destFSRef, nullptr) == noErr;
+    }
+   #endif
+}
+
+//==============================================================================
+using MainCall = Vst2::AEffect* (VSTCALLBACK*) (Vst2::audioMasterCallback);
+
+//==============================================================================
+// Change this to disable logging of various VST activities
+#ifndef VST_LOGGING
+ #define VST_LOGGING 1
+#endif
+
+#if VST_LOGGING
+ #define JUCE_VST_LOG(a) Logger::writeToLog(a);
+#else
+ #define JUCE_VST_LOG(a)
+#endif
+
+//==============================================================================
+class VSTXMLInfo
+{
+public:
+    static VSTXMLInfo* createFor (const juce::XmlElement& xml)
+    {
+        if (xml.hasTagName ("VSTParametersStructure"))
+            return new VSTXMLInfo (xml);
+
+        if (const auto* x = xml.getChildByName ("VSTParametersStructure"))
+            return new VSTXMLInfo (*x);
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    struct Group;
+
+    struct Base
+    {
+        Base() noexcept {}
+        virtual ~Base() {}
+
+        Group* parent = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    struct Param final : public Base
+    {
+        int paramID;
+        juce::String expr, name, label;
+        juce::StringArray shortNames;
+        juce::String type;
+        int numberOfStates;
+        float defaultValue;
+    };
+
+    struct Group final : public Base
+    {
+        juce::String name;
+        juce::OwnedArray<Base> paramTree;
+    };
+
+    struct Range
+    {
+        Range() noexcept {}
+        Range (const juce::String& s)       { set (s); }
+
+        void set (const juce::String& s)
+        {
+            inclusiveLow  = s.startsWithChar ('[');
+            inclusiveHigh = s.endsWithChar   (']');
+
+            auto str = s.removeCharacters ("[]");
+
+            low  = str.upToFirstOccurrenceOf (",", false, false).getFloatValue();
+            high = str.fromLastOccurrenceOf  (",", false, false).getFloatValue();
+        }
+
+        bool contains (float f) const noexcept
+        {
+            return (inclusiveLow  ? (f >= low)  : (f > low))
+                && (inclusiveHigh ? (f <= high) : (f < high));
+        }
+
+        float low = 0;
+        float high = 0;
+
+        bool inclusiveLow = false;
+        bool inclusiveHigh = false;
+    };
+
+    struct Entry
+    {
+        juce::String name;
+        Range range;
+    };
+
+    struct ValueType
+    {
+        juce::String name, label;
+        juce::OwnedArray<Entry> entries;
+    };
+
+    struct Template
+    {
+        juce::String name;
+        juce::OwnedArray<Param> params;
+    };
+
+    const Param* getParamForID (const int paramID, const Group* const grp) const
+    {
+        for (auto item : (grp != nullptr ? grp->paramTree : paramTree))
+        {
+            if (auto param = dynamic_cast<const Param*> (item))
+                if (param->paramID == paramID)
+                    return param;
+
+            if (auto group = dynamic_cast<const Group*> (item))
+                if (auto res = getParamForID (paramID, group))
+                    return res;
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const ValueType* getValueType (const juce::String& name) const
+    {
+        for (auto v : valueTypes)
+            if (v->name == name)
+                return v;
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    juce::OwnedArray<Base> paramTree;
+    juce::OwnedArray<ValueType> valueTypes;
+    juce::OwnedArray<Template> templates;
+
+    ValueType switchValueType;
+
+private:
+    VSTXMLInfo (const juce::XmlElement& xml)
+    {
+        switchValueType.entries.add (new Entry ({ TRANS ("Off"), Range ("[0, 0.5[") }));
+        switchValueType.entries.add (new Entry ({ TRANS ("On"),  Range ("[0.5, 1]") }));
+
+        for (auto* item : xml.getChildIterator())
+        {
+            if (item->hasTagName ("Param"))           parseParam (*item, nullptr, nullptr);
+            else if (item->hasTagName ("ValueType"))  parseValueType (*item);
+            else if (item->hasTagName ("Template"))   parseTemplate (*item);
+            else if (item->hasTagName ("Group"))      parseGroup (*item, nullptr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parseParam (const juce::XmlElement& item, Group* group, Template* temp)
+    {
+        auto param = new Param();
+
+        if (temp != nullptr)
+            param->expr = item.getStringAttribute ("id");
+        else
+            param->paramID = item.getIntAttribute ("id");
+
+        param->name           = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
+        param->label          = item.getStringAttribute ("label");
+        param->type           = item.getStringAttribute ("type");
+        param->numberOfStates = item.getIntAttribute ("numberOfStates");
+        param->defaultValue   = (float) item.getDoubleAttribute ("defaultValue");
+
+        param->shortNames.addTokens (item.getStringAttribute ("shortName"), ",", juce::StringRef());
+        param->shortNames.trim();
+        param->shortNames.removeEmptyStrings();
+
+        if (group != nullptr)
+        {
+            group->paramTree.add (param);
+            param->parent = group;
+        }
+        else if (temp != nullptr)
+        {
+            temp->params.add (param);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            paramTree.add (param);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parseValueType (const juce::XmlElement& item)
+    {
+        auto vt = new ValueType();
+        valueTypes.add (vt);
+
+        vt->name  = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
+        vt->label = item.getStringAttribute ("label");
+
+        int curEntry = 0;
+        const int numEntries = item.getNumChildElements();
+
+        for (auto* entryXml : item.getChildWithTagNameIterator ("Entry"))
+        {
+            auto entry = new Entry();
+            entry->name = entryXml->getStringAttribute ("name");
+
+            if (entryXml->hasAttribute ("value"))
+            {
+                entry->range.set (entryXml->getStringAttribute ("value"));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                entry->range.low  = (float) curEntry / (float) numEntries;
+                entry->range.high = (float) (curEntry + 1) / (float) numEntries;
+
+                entry->range.inclusiveLow  = true;
+                entry->range.inclusiveHigh = (curEntry == numEntries - 1);
+            }
+
+            vt->entries.add (entry);
+            ++curEntry;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parseTemplate (const juce::XmlElement& item)
+    {
+        auto temp = new Template();
+        templates.add (temp);
+        temp->name = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
+
+        for (auto* param : item.getChildIterator())
+            parseParam (*param, nullptr, temp);
+    }
+
+    void parseGroup (const juce::XmlElement& item, Group* parentGroup)
+    {
+        auto group = new Group();
+
+        if (parentGroup)
+        {
+            parentGroup->paramTree.add (group);
+            group->parent = parentGroup;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            paramTree.add (group);
+        }
+
+        group->name = item.getStringAttribute ("name");
+
+        if (item.hasAttribute ("template"))
+        {
+            juce::StringArray variables;
+            variables.addTokens (item.getStringAttribute ("values"), ";", juce::StringRef());
+            variables.trim();
+
+            for (auto temp : templates)
+            {
+                if (temp->name == item.getStringAttribute ("template"))
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < temp->params.size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        auto param = new Param();
+                        group->paramTree.add (param);
+
+                        param->parent         = group;
+                        param->paramID        = evaluate (temp->params[i]->expr, variables);
+                        param->defaultValue   = temp->params[i]->defaultValue;
+                        param->label          = temp->params[i]->label;
+                        param->name           = temp->params[i]->name;
+                        param->numberOfStates = temp->params[i]->numberOfStates;
+                        param->shortNames     = temp->params[i]->shortNames;
+                        param->type           = temp->params[i]->type;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for (auto* subItem : item.getChildIterator())
+            {
+                if (subItem->hasTagName ("Param"))       parseParam (*subItem, group, nullptr);
+                else if (subItem->hasTagName ("Group"))  parseGroup (*subItem, group);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    int evaluate (juce::String expr, const juce::StringArray& variables) const
+    {
+        juce::StringArray names;
+        juce::Array<int> vals;
+
+        for (auto& v : variables)
+        {
+            if (v.contains ("="))
+            {
+                names.add (v.upToFirstOccurrenceOf ("=", false, false));
+                vals.add  (v.fromFirstOccurrenceOf ("=", false, false).getIntValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < names.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            for (;;)
+            {
+                const int idx = expr.indexOfWholeWord (names[i]);
+                if (idx < 0)
+                    break;
+
+                expr = expr.replaceSection (idx, names[i].length(), juce::String (vals[i]));
+            }
+        }
+
+        expr = expr.retainCharacters ("01234567890-+")
+                   .replace ("+", " + ")
+                   .replace ("-", " - ");
+
+        juce::StringArray tokens;
+        tokens.addTokens (expr, " ", juce::StringRef());
+
+        bool add = true;
+        int val = 0;
+
+        for (const auto& s : tokens)
+        {
+            if (s == "+")
+            {
+                add = true;
+            }
+            else if (s == "-")
+            {
+                add = false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (add)
+                    val += s.getIntValue();
+                else
+                    val -= s.getIntValue();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return val;
+    }
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+struct ModuleHandle final : public ReferenceCountedObject
+{
+    File file;
+    MainCall moduleMain, customMain = {};
+    String pluginName;
+    std::unique_ptr<XmlElement> vstXml;
+
+    using Ptr = ReferenceCountedObjectPtr<ModuleHandle>;
+
+    static Array<ModuleHandle*>& getActiveModules()
+    {
+        static Array<ModuleHandle*> activeModules;
+        return activeModules;
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    static Ptr findOrCreateModule (const File& file)
+    {
+        for (auto* module : getActiveModules())
+            if (module->file == file)
+                return module;
+
+        const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
+        shellUIDToCreate = 0;
+        _fpreset();
+
+        JUCE_VST_LOG ("Attempting to load VST: " + file.getFullPathName());
+
+        Ptr m = new ModuleHandle (file, nullptr);
+
+        if (m->open())
+        {
+            _fpreset();
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    ModuleHandle (const File& f, MainCall customMainCall)
+        : file (f), moduleMain (customMainCall)
+    {
+        getActiveModules().add (this);
+
+       #if JUCE_WINDOWS || JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_IOS || JUCE_ANDROID
+        fullParentDirectoryPathName = f.getParentDirectory().getFullPathName();
+       #elif JUCE_MAC
+        FSRef ref;
+        makeFSRefFromPath (&ref, f.getParentDirectory().getFullPathName());
+        FSGetCatalogInfo (&ref, kFSCatInfoNone, nullptr, nullptr, &parentDirFSSpec, nullptr);
+       #endif
+    }
+
+    ~ModuleHandle()
+    {
+        getActiveModules().removeFirstMatchingValue (this);
+        close();
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+   #if ! JUCE_MAC
+    String fullParentDirectoryPathName;
+   #endif
+
+  #if JUCE_WINDOWS || JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD || JUCE_ANDROID
+    DynamicLibrary module;
+
+    bool open()
+    {
+        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
+            return true;
+
+        pluginName = file.getFileNameWithoutExtension();
+
+        module.open (file.getFullPathName());
+
+        moduleMain = (MainCall) module.getFunction ("VSTPluginMain");
+
+        if (moduleMain == nullptr)
+            moduleMain = (MainCall) module.getFunction ("main");
+
+        JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
+
+        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
+        {
+            vstXml = parseXML (file.withFileExtension ("vstxml"));
+
+           #if JUCE_WINDOWS
+            if (vstXml == nullptr)
+                vstXml = parseXML (getDLLResource (file, "VSTXML", 1));
+           #endif
+        }
+
+        return moduleMain != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void close()
+    {
+        _fpreset(); // (doesn't do any harm)
+
+        module.close();
+    }
+
+    void closeEffect (Vst2::AEffect* eff)
+    {
+        eff->dispatcher (eff, Vst2::effClose, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+    }
+
+   #if JUCE_WINDOWS
+    static String getDLLResource (const File& dllFile, const String& type, int resID)
+    {
+        DynamicLibrary dll (dllFile.getFullPathName());
+        auto dllModule = (HMODULE) dll.getNativeHandle();
+
+        if (dllModule != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        {
+            if (auto res = FindResource (dllModule, MAKEINTRESOURCE (resID), type.toWideCharPointer()))
+            {
+                if (auto hGlob = LoadResource (dllModule, res))
+                {
+                    auto* data = static_cast<const char*> (LockResource (hGlob));
+                    return String::fromUTF8 (data, (int) SizeofResource (dllModule, res));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return {};
+    }
+   #endif
+  #else
+    Handle resHandle = {};
+    CFUniquePtr<CFBundleRef> bundleRef;
+
+   #if JUCE_MAC
+    CFBundleRefNum resFileId = {};
+    FSSpec parentDirFSSpec;
+   #endif
+
+    bool open()
+    {
+        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
+            return true;
+
+        bool ok = false;
+
+        if (file.hasFileExtension (".vst"))
+        {
+            auto* utf8 = file.getFullPathName().toRawUTF8();
+
+            if (auto url = CFUniquePtr<CFURLRef> (CFURLCreateFromFileSystemRepresentation (nullptr, (const UInt8*) utf8,
+                                                                                           (CFIndex) strlen (utf8), file.isDirectory())))
+            {
+                bundleRef.reset (CFBundleCreate (kCFAllocatorDefault, url.get()));
+
+                if (bundleRef != nullptr)
+                {
+                    if (CFBundleLoadExecutable (bundleRef.get()))
+                    {
+                        moduleMain = (MainCall) CFBundleGetFunctionPointerForName (bundleRef.get(), CFSTR ("main_macho"));
+
+                        if (moduleMain == nullptr)
+                            moduleMain = (MainCall) CFBundleGetFunctionPointerForName (bundleRef.get(), CFSTR ("VSTPluginMain"));
+
+                        JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_LOAD_CUSTOM_MAIN
+
+                        if (moduleMain != nullptr)
+                        {
+                            if (CFTypeRef name = CFBundleGetValueForInfoDictionaryKey (bundleRef.get(), CFSTR ("CFBundleName")))
+                            {
+                                if (CFGetTypeID (name) == CFStringGetTypeID())
+                                {
+                                    char buffer[1024];
+
+                                    if (CFStringGetCString ((CFStringRef) name, buffer, sizeof (buffer), CFStringGetSystemEncoding()))
+                                        pluginName = buffer;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (pluginName.isEmpty())
+                                pluginName = file.getFileNameWithoutExtension();
+
+                           #if JUCE_MAC
+                            resFileId = CFBundleOpenBundleResourceMap (bundleRef.get());
+                           #endif
+
+                            ok = true;
+
+                            auto vstXmlFiles = file
+                                                   #if JUCE_MAC
+                                                    .getChildFile ("Contents")
+                                                    .getChildFile ("Resources")
+                                                   #endif
+                                                    .findChildFiles (File::findFiles, false, "*.vstxml");
+
+                            if (! vstXmlFiles.isEmpty())
+                                vstXml = parseXML (vstXmlFiles.getReference (0));
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (! ok)
+                    {
+                        CFBundleUnloadExecutable (bundleRef.get());
+                        bundleRef = nullptr;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ok;
+    }
+
+    void close()
+    {
+        if (bundleRef != nullptr)
+        {
+           #if JUCE_MAC
+            CFBundleCloseBundleResourceMap (bundleRef.get(), resFileId);
+           #endif
+
+            if (CFGetRetainCount (bundleRef.get()) == 1)
+                CFBundleUnloadExecutable (bundleRef.get());
+
+            if (CFGetRetainCount (bundleRef.get()) > 0)
+                bundleRef = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void closeEffect (Vst2::AEffect* eff)
+    {
+        eff->dispatcher (eff, Vst2::effClose, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+    }
+
+  #endif
+
+private:
+    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (ModuleHandle)
+};
+
+static const int defaultVSTSampleRateValue = 44100;
+static const int defaultVSTBlockSizeValue = 512;
+
+class TempChannelPointers
+{
+public:
+    template <typename T>
+    auto getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (AudioBuffer<T>& buffer)
+    {
+        auto& pointers = getPointers (Tag<T>{});
+
+        jassert (buffer.getNumChannels() <= static_cast<int> (pointers.capacity()));
+        pointers.resize (jmax (pointers.size(), (size_t) buffer.getNumChannels()));
+
+        std::copy (buffer.getArrayOfWritePointers(),
+                   buffer.getArrayOfWritePointers() + buffer.getNumChannels(),
+                   pointers.begin());
+
+        return pointers.data();
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename> struct Tag {};
+
+    auto& getPointers (Tag<float>)  { return floatPointers; }
+    auto& getPointers (Tag<double>) { return doublePointers; }
+
+    std::vector<float*>  floatPointers  { 128 };
+    std::vector<double*> doublePointers { 128 };
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+struct VSTPluginInstanceHeadless : public AudioPluginInstance
+{
+    struct VSTParameter final   : public Parameter
+    {
+        VSTParameter (VSTPluginInstanceHeadless& parent,
+                      const String& paramName,
+                      const Array<String>& shortParamNames,
+                      float paramDefaultValue,
+                      const String& paramLabel,
+                      bool paramIsAutomatable,
+                      bool paramIsDiscrete,
+                      int numParamSteps,
+                      bool isBoolSwitch,
+                      const StringArray& paramValueStrings,
+                      const VSTXMLInfo::ValueType* paramValueType)
+            : pluginInstance (parent),
+              name (paramName),
+              shortNames (shortParamNames),
+              defaultValue (paramDefaultValue),
+              label (paramLabel),
+              automatable (paramIsAutomatable),
+              discrete (paramIsDiscrete),
+              numSteps (numParamSteps),
+              isSwitch (isBoolSwitch),
+              vstValueStrings (paramValueStrings),
+              valueType (paramValueType)
+        {
+        }
+
+        float getValue() const override
+        {
+            if (auto* effect = pluginInstance.vstEffect)
+            {
+                const ScopedLock sl (pluginInstance.lock);
+
+                return effect->getParameter (effect, getParameterIndex());
+            }
+
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+
+        void setValue (float newValue) override
+        {
+            if (auto* effect = pluginInstance.vstEffect)
+            {
+                const ScopedLock sl (pluginInstance.lock);
+
+                if (! approximatelyEqual (effect->getParameter (effect, getParameterIndex()), newValue))
+                    effect->setParameter (effect, getParameterIndex(), newValue);
+            }
+        }
+
+        String getText (float value, int maximumStringLength) const override
+        {
+            if (valueType != nullptr)
+            {
+                for (auto& v : valueType->entries)
+                    if (v->range.contains (value))
+                        return v->name;
+            }
+
+            return Parameter::getText (value, maximumStringLength);
+        }
+
+        float getValueForText (const String& text) const override
+        {
+            if (valueType != nullptr)
+            {
+                for (auto& v : valueType->entries)
+                    if (v->name == text)
+                        return (v->range.high + v->range.low) / 2.0f;
+            }
+
+            return Parameter::getValueForText (text);
+        }
+
+        String getCurrentValueAsText() const override
+        {
+            if (valueType != nullptr || ! vstValueStrings.isEmpty())
+                return getText (getValue(), 1024);
+
+            return pluginInstance.getTextForOpcode (getParameterIndex(), Vst2::effGetParamDisplay);
+        }
+
+        float getDefaultValue() const override
+        {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        String getName (int maximumStringLength) const override
+        {
+            if (name.isEmpty())
+                return pluginInstance.getTextForOpcode (getParameterIndex(),
+                                                        Vst2::effGetParamName);
+
+            if (name.length() <= maximumStringLength)
+                return name;
+
+            if (! shortNames.isEmpty())
+            {
+                for (auto& n : shortNames)
+                    if (n.length() <= maximumStringLength)
+                        return n;
+
+                return shortNames.getLast();
+            }
+
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        String getLabel() const override
+        {
+            return label.isEmpty() ? pluginInstance.getTextForOpcode (getParameterIndex(),
+                                                                      Vst2::effGetParamLabel)
+                                   : label;
+        }
+
+        bool isAutomatable() const override
+        {
+            return automatable;
+        }
+
+        bool isDiscrete() const override
+        {
+            return discrete;
+        }
+
+        bool isBoolean() const override
+        {
+            return isSwitch;
+        }
+
+        int getNumSteps() const override
+        {
+            return numSteps;
+        }
+
+        StringArray getAllValueStrings() const override
+        {
+            return vstValueStrings;
+        }
+
+        String getParameterID() const override
+        {
+            return String (getParameterIndex());
+        }
+
+        VSTPluginInstanceHeadless& pluginInstance;
+
+        const String name;
+        const Array<String> shortNames;
+        const float defaultValue;
+        const String label;
+        const bool automatable, discrete;
+        const int numSteps;
+        const bool isSwitch;
+        const StringArray vstValueStrings;
+        const VSTXMLInfo::ValueType* const valueType;
+    };
+
+    VSTPluginInstanceHeadless (const ModuleHandle::Ptr& mh,
+                               const BusesProperties& ioConfig,
+                               Vst2::AEffect* effect,
+                               double sampleRateToUse,
+                               int blockSizeToUse)
+        : AudioPluginInstance (ioConfig),
+          vstEffect (effect),
+          vstModule (mh),
+          name (mh->pluginName),
+          bypassParam (new VST2BypassParameter (*this))
+    {
+        jassert (vstEffect != nullptr);
+
+        if (auto* xml = vstModule->vstXml.get())
+            xmlInfo.reset (VSTXMLInfo::createFor (*xml));
+
+        refreshParameterList();
+
+        vstSupportsBypass = (pluginCanDo ("bypass") > 0);
+        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (sampleRateToUse, blockSizeToUse);
+    }
+
+    void refreshParameterList() override
+    {
+        AudioProcessorParameterGroup newParameterTree;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < vstEffect->numParams; ++i)
+        {
+            String paramName;
+            Array<String> shortParamNames;
+            float defaultValue = 0;
+            String label;
+            bool isAutomatable = dispatch (Vst2::effCanBeAutomated, i, 0, nullptr, 0) != 0;
+            bool isDiscrete = false;
+            int numSteps = AudioProcessor::getDefaultNumParameterSteps();
+            bool isBoolSwitch = false;
+            StringArray parameterValueStrings;
+            const VSTXMLInfo::ValueType* valueType = nullptr;
+
+            if (xmlInfo != nullptr)
+            {
+                if (auto* param = xmlInfo->getParamForID (i, nullptr))
+                {
+                    paramName = param->name;
+
+                    for (auto& n : param->shortNames)
+                        shortParamNames.add (n);
+
+                    struct LengthComparator
+                    {
+                        static int compareElements (const juce::String& first, const juce::String& second) noexcept
+                        {
+                            return first.length() - second.length();
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    LengthComparator comp;
+                    shortParamNames.sort (comp);
+
+                    defaultValue = param->defaultValue;
+                    label = param->label;
+
+                    if (param->type == "switch")
+                    {
+                        isBoolSwitch = true;
+                        numSteps = 2;
+                        valueType = &xmlInfo->switchValueType;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        valueType = xmlInfo->getValueType (param->type);
+                    }
+
+                    if (param->numberOfStates >= 2)
+                    {
+                        numSteps = param->numberOfStates;
+
+                        if (valueType != nullptr)
+                        {
+                            for (auto* entry : valueType->entries)
+                                parameterValueStrings.add (entry->name);
+
+                            parameterValueStrings.removeEmptyStrings();
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    isDiscrete = (numSteps != AudioProcessor::getDefaultNumParameterSteps());
+                }
+            }
+
+            newParameterTree.addChild (std::make_unique<VSTParameter> (*this, paramName, shortParamNames, defaultValue,
+                                                                       label, isAutomatable, isDiscrete, numSteps,
+                                                                       isBoolSwitch, parameterValueStrings, valueType));
+        }
+
+        setHostedParameterTree (std::move (newParameterTree));
+    }
+
+    ~VSTPluginInstanceHeadless() override
+    {
+        if (vstEffect != nullptr && vstEffect->magic == 0x56737450 /* 'VstP' */)
+            MessageManager::callSync ([this] { cleanup(); });
+    }
+
+    void cleanup()
+    {
+        if (vstEffect != nullptr && vstEffect->magic == 0x56737450 /* 'VstP' */)
+        {
+           #if JUCE_MAC
+            if (vstModule->resFileId != 0)
+                UseResFile (vstModule->resFileId);
+           #endif
+
+            // Must delete any editors before deleting the plugin instance!
+            jassert (getActiveEditor() == nullptr);
+
+            _fpreset(); // some dodgy plug-ins mess around with this
+
+            vstModule->closeEffect (vstEffect);
+        }
+
+        vstModule = nullptr;
+        vstEffect = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    template <typename TypeToCreate>
+    static std::unique_ptr<TypeToCreate> create (const ModuleHandle::Ptr& newModule,
+                                                 double initialSampleRate,
+                                                 int initialBlockSize)
+    {
+        if (auto* newEffect = constructEffect (newModule))
+        {
+            newEffect->resvd2 = 0;
+
+            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effIdentify, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+
+            auto blockSize = jmax (32, initialBlockSize);
+
+            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effSetSampleRate, 0, 0, nullptr, static_cast<float> (initialSampleRate));
+            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effSetBlockSize,  0, blockSize, nullptr, 0);
+
+            newEffect->dispatcher (newEffect, Vst2::effOpen, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+            BusesProperties ioConfig = queryBusIO (newEffect);
+
+            return std::make_unique<TypeToCreate> (newModule, ioConfig, newEffect, initialSampleRate, blockSize);
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    void fillInPluginDescription (PluginDescription& desc) const override
+    {
+        desc.name = name;
+
+        {
+            char buffer[512] = { 0 };
+            dispatch (Vst2::effGetEffectName, 0, 0, buffer, 0);
+
+            desc.descriptiveName = String::createStringFromData (buffer, (int) sizeof (buffer)).trim();
+
+            if (desc.descriptiveName.isEmpty())
+                desc.descriptiveName = name;
+        }
+
+        desc.fileOrIdentifier = vstModule->file.getFullPathName();
+        desc.uniqueId = desc.deprecatedUid = getUID();
+        desc.lastFileModTime = vstModule->file.getLastModificationTime();
+        desc.lastInfoUpdateTime = Time::getCurrentTime();
+        desc.pluginFormatName = "VST";
+        desc.category = getCategory();
+
+        {
+            char buffer[512] = { 0 };
+            dispatch (Vst2::effGetVendorString, 0, 0, buffer, 0);
+            desc.manufacturerName = String::createStringFromData (buffer, (int) sizeof (buffer)).trim();
+        }
+
+        desc.version = getVersion();
+        desc.numInputChannels = getTotalNumInputChannels();
+        desc.numOutputChannels = getTotalNumOutputChannels();
+        desc.isInstrument = isSynthPlugin();
+    }
+
+    bool initialiseEffect (double initialSampleRate, int initialBlockSize)
+    {
+        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
+        {
+            vstEffect->resvd2 = (pointer_sized_int) (pointer_sized_int) this;
+            initialise (initialSampleRate, initialBlockSize);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void initialise (double initialSampleRate, int initialBlockSize)
+    {
+        if (initialised || vstEffect == nullptr)
+            return;
+
+       #if JUCE_WINDOWS
+        // On Windows it's highly advisable to create your plugins using the message thread,
+        // because many plugins need a chance to create HWNDs that will get their
+        // messages delivered by the main message thread, and that's not possible from
+        // a background thread.
+        JUCE_ASSERT_MESSAGE_THREAD
+       #endif
+
+        JUCE_VST_LOG ("Initialising VST: " + vstModule->pluginName + " (" + getVersion() + ")");
+        initialised = true;
+
+        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (initialSampleRate, initialBlockSize);
+
+        dispatch (Vst2::effIdentify, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+
+        if (getSampleRate() > 0)
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetSampleRate, 0, 0, nullptr, (float) getSampleRate());
+
+        if (getBlockSize() > 0)
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetBlockSize, 0, jmax (32, getBlockSize()), nullptr, 0);
+
+        dispatch (Vst2::effOpen, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+
+        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (getSampleRate(), getBlockSize());
+
+        if (getNumPrograms() > 1)
+            setCurrentProgram (0);
+        else
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetProgram, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+
+        for (int i = vstEffect->numInputs;  --i >= 0;)  dispatch (Vst2::effConnectInput,  i, 1, nullptr, 0);
+        for (int i = vstEffect->numOutputs; --i >= 0;)  dispatch (Vst2::effConnectOutput, i, 1, nullptr, 0);
+
+        if (getVstCategory() != Vst2::kPlugCategShell) // (workaround for Waves 5 plugins which crash during this call)
+            updateStoredProgramNames();
+
+        wantsMidiMessages = pluginCanDo ("receiveVstMidiEvent") > 0 || isSynthPlugin();
+
+        setLatencySamples (vstEffect->initialDelay);
+    }
+
+    void getExtensions (ExtensionsVisitor& visitor) const override
+    {
+        struct Extensions final : public ExtensionsVisitor::VSTClient
+        {
+            explicit Extensions (const VSTPluginInstanceHeadless* instanceIn) : instance (instanceIn) {}
+
+            AEffect* getAEffectPtr() const noexcept override   { return reinterpret_cast<AEffect*> (instance->vstEffect); }
+
+            const VSTPluginInstanceHeadless* instance = nullptr;
+        };
+
+        visitor.visitVSTClient (Extensions { this });
+    }
+
+    void* getPlatformSpecificData() override    { return vstEffect; }
+
+    const String getName() const override
+    {
+        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
+        {
+            char buffer[512] = { 0 };
+
+            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetProductString, 0, 0, buffer, 0) != 0)
+            {
+                String productName = String::createStringFromData (buffer, (int) sizeof (buffer));
+
+                if (productName.isNotEmpty())
+                    return productName;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    int getUID() const
+    {
+        int uid = vstEffect != nullptr ? vstEffect->uniqueID : 0;
+
+        if (uid == 0)
+            uid = vstModule->file.hashCode();
+
+        return uid;
+    }
+
+    double getTailLengthSeconds() const override
+    {
+        if (vstEffect == nullptr)
+            return 0.0;
+
+        if ((vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsNoSoundInStop) != 0)
+            return 0.0;
+
+        auto tailSize = dispatch (Vst2::effGetTailSize, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+        auto sampleRate = getSampleRate();
+
+        // remain backward compatible with old JUCE plug-ins: anything larger
+        // than INT32_MAX is an invalid tail time but old JUCE 64-bit plug-ins
+        // would return INT64_MAX for infinite tail time. So treat anything
+        // equal or greater than INT32_MAX as infinite tail time.
+        if (tailSize >= std::numeric_limits<int32>::max())
+            return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+
+        if (tailSize >= 0 && sampleRate > 0)
+            return static_cast<double> (tailSize) / sampleRate;
+
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    bool acceptsMidi() const override    { return wantsMidiMessages; }
+    bool producesMidi() const override   { return pluginCanDo ("sendVstMidiEvent") > 0; }
+    bool supportsMPE() const override    { return pluginCanDo ("MPE") > 0; }
+
+    Vst2::VstPlugCategory getVstCategory() const noexcept     { return (Vst2::VstPlugCategory) dispatch (Vst2::effGetPlugCategory, 0, 0, nullptr, 0); }
+
+    bool isSynthPlugin() const  { return (vstEffect != nullptr && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsIsSynth) != 0); }
+
+    int pluginCanDo (const char* text) const  { return (int) dispatch (Vst2::effCanDo, 0, 0, (void*) text,  0); }
+
+    std::optional<String> getNameForMidiNoteNumber (int note, int midiChannel) override
+    {
+        Vst2::MidiKeyName keyName{};
+
+        keyName.thisProgramIndex = getCurrentProgram();
+        keyName.thisKeyNumber = note;
+
+        return dispatch (Vst2::effGetMidiKeyName, midiChannel, 0, &keyName, 0.0f) != 0
+             ? std::make_optional (String::createStringFromData (keyName.keyName, Vst2::kVstMaxNameLen))
+             : std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    void prepareToPlay (double rate, int samplesPerBlockExpected) override
+    {
+        auto numInputBuses  = getBusCount (true);
+        auto numOutputBuses = getBusCount (false);
+
+        setRateAndBufferSizeDetails (rate, samplesPerBlockExpected);
+
+        if (numInputBuses <= 1 && numOutputBuses <= 1)
+        {
+            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder inArr  (getChannelLayoutOfBus (true,  0));
+            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder outArr (getChannelLayoutOfBus (false, 0));
+
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetSpeakerArrangement, 0, (pointer_sized_int) &inArr.get(), (void*) &outArr.get(), 0.0f);
+        }
+
+        vstHostTime.tempo = 120.0;
+        vstHostTime.timeSigNumerator = 4;
+        vstHostTime.timeSigDenominator = 4;
+        vstHostTime.sampleRate = rate;
+        vstHostTime.samplePos = 0;
+        vstHostTime.flags = Vst2::kVstNanosValid
+                              | Vst2::kVstAutomationWriting
+                              | Vst2::kVstAutomationReading;
+
+        initialise (rate, samplesPerBlockExpected);
+
+        if (initialised)
+        {
+            wantsMidiMessages = wantsMidiMessages || (pluginCanDo ("receiveVstMidiEvent") > 0) || isSynthPlugin();
+
+            if (wantsMidiMessages)
+                midiEventsToSend.ensureSize (256);
+            else
+                midiEventsToSend.freeEvents();
+
+            incomingMidi.clear();
+
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetSampleRate, 0, 0, nullptr, (float) rate);
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetBlockSize, 0, jmax (16, samplesPerBlockExpected), nullptr, 0);
+
+            if (supportsDoublePrecisionProcessing())
+            {
+                int32 vstPrecision = isUsingDoublePrecision() ? Vst2::kVstProcessPrecision64
+                                                              : Vst2::kVstProcessPrecision32;
+
+                dispatch (Vst2::effSetProcessPrecision, 0, (pointer_sized_int) vstPrecision, nullptr, 0);
+            }
+
+            auto maxChannels = jmax (1, jmax (vstEffect->numInputs, vstEffect->numOutputs));
+
+            tmpBufferFloat .setSize (maxChannels, samplesPerBlockExpected);
+            tmpBufferDouble.setSize (maxChannels, samplesPerBlockExpected);
+
+            channelBufferFloat .calloc (static_cast<size_t> (maxChannels));
+            channelBufferDouble.calloc (static_cast<size_t> (maxChannels));
+
+            outOfPlaceBuffer.setSize (jmax (1, vstEffect->numOutputs), samplesPerBlockExpected);
+
+            if (! isPowerOn)
+                setPower (true);
+
+            // dodgy hack to force some plugins to initialise the sample rate.
+            if (! hasEditor())
+            {
+                if (auto* firstParam = getParameters()[0])
+                {
+                    auto old = firstParam->getValue();
+                    firstParam->setValue ((old < 0.5f) ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+                    firstParam->setValue (old);
+                }
+            }
+
+            dispatch (Vst2::effStartProcess, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+
+            setLatencySamples (vstEffect->initialDelay);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void releaseResources() override
+    {
+        if (initialised)
+        {
+            dispatch (Vst2::effStopProcess, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+            setPower (false);
+        }
+
+        channelBufferFloat.free();
+        tmpBufferFloat.setSize (0, 0);
+
+        channelBufferDouble.free();
+        tmpBufferDouble.setSize (0, 0);
+
+        outOfPlaceBuffer.setSize (1, 1);
+        incomingMidi.clear();
+
+        midiEventsToSend.freeEvents();
+    }
+
+    void reset() override
+    {
+        if (isPowerOn)
+        {
+            setPower (false);
+            setPower (true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    void processBlock (AudioBuffer<float>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
+    {
+        jassert (! isUsingDoublePrecision());
+        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferFloat, channelBufferFloat, false);
+    }
+
+    void processBlock (AudioBuffer<double>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
+    {
+        jassert (isUsingDoublePrecision());
+        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferDouble, channelBufferDouble, false);
+    }
+
+    void processBlockBypassed (AudioBuffer<float>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
+    {
+        jassert (! isUsingDoublePrecision());
+        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferFloat, channelBufferFloat, true);
+    }
+
+    void processBlockBypassed (AudioBuffer<double>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages) override
+    {
+        jassert (isUsingDoublePrecision());
+        processAudio (buffer, midiMessages, tmpBufferDouble, channelBufferDouble, true);
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    bool supportsDoublePrecisionProcessing() const override
+    {
+        return ((vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsCanReplacing) != 0
+             && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsCanDoubleReplacing) != 0);
+    }
+
+    AudioProcessorParameter* getBypassParameter() const override               { return vstSupportsBypass ? bypassParam.get() : nullptr; }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    bool canAddBus (bool) const override                                       { return false; }
+    bool canRemoveBus (bool) const override                                    { return false; }
+
+    bool isBusesLayoutSupported (const BusesLayout& layouts) const override
+    {
+        auto numInputBuses  = getBusCount (true);
+        auto numOutputBuses = getBusCount (false);
+
+        // it's not possible to change layout if there are sidechains/aux buses
+        if (numInputBuses > 1 || numOutputBuses > 1)
+            return (layouts == getBusesLayout());
+
+        return (layouts.getNumChannels (true,  0) <= vstEffect->numInputs
+             && layouts.getNumChannels (false, 0) <= vstEffect->numOutputs);
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    bool hasEditor() const override                  { return false; }
+    AudioProcessorEditor* createEditor() override    { return nullptr;}
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    const String getInputChannelName (int index) const override
+    {
+        if (isValidChannel (index, true))
+        {
+            Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
+            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetInputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
+                return String (pinProps.label, sizeof (pinProps.label));
+        }
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    bool isInputChannelStereoPair (int index) const override
+    {
+        if (! isValidChannel (index, true))
+            return false;
+
+        Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
+        if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetInputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
+            return (pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const String getOutputChannelName (int index) const override
+    {
+        if (isValidChannel (index, false))
+        {
+            Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
+            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetOutputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
+                return String (pinProps.label, sizeof (pinProps.label));
+        }
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    bool isOutputChannelStereoPair (int index) const override
+    {
+        if (! isValidChannel (index, false))
+            return false;
+
+        Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
+        if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetOutputProperties, index, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
+            return (pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool isValidChannel (int index, bool isInput) const noexcept
+    {
+        return isPositiveAndBelow (index, isInput ? getTotalNumInputChannels()
+                                                  : getTotalNumOutputChannels());
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    int getNumPrograms() override          { return vstEffect != nullptr ? jmax (0, vstEffect->numPrograms) : 0; }
+
+    // NB: some plugs return negative numbers from this function.
+    int getCurrentProgram() override       { return (int) dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgram, 0, 0, nullptr, 0); }
+
+    void setCurrentProgram (int newIndex) override
+    {
+        if (getNumPrograms() > 0 && newIndex != getCurrentProgram())
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetProgram, 0, jlimit (0, getNumPrograms() - 1, newIndex), nullptr, 0);
+    }
+
+    const String getProgramName (int index) override
+    {
+        if (index >= 0)
+        {
+            if (index == getCurrentProgram())
+                return getCurrentProgramName();
+
+            if (vstEffect != nullptr)
+            {
+                char nm[264] = { 0 };
+
+                if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgramNameIndexed, jlimit (0, getNumPrograms() - 1, index), -1, nm, 0) != 0)
+                    return String::fromUTF8 (nm).trim();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    void changeProgramName (int index, const String& newName) override
+    {
+        if (index >= 0 && index == getCurrentProgram())
+        {
+            if (getNumPrograms() > 0 && newName != getCurrentProgramName())
+                dispatch (Vst2::effSetProgramName, 0, 0, (void*) newName.substring (0, 24).toRawUTF8(), 0.0f);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            jassertfalse; // xxx not implemented!
+        }
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    void getStateInformation (MemoryBlock& mb) override                  { saveToFXBFile (mb, true); }
+    void getCurrentProgramStateInformation (MemoryBlock& mb) override    { saveToFXBFile (mb, false); }
+
+    void setStateInformation (const void* data, int size) override               { loadFromFXBFile (data, (size_t) size); }
+    void setCurrentProgramStateInformation (const void* data, int size) override { loadFromFXBFile (data, (size_t) size); }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    pointer_sized_int handleCallback (int32 opcode, int32 index, pointer_sized_int value, void* ptr, float opt)
+    {
+        switch (opcode)
+        {
+            case Vst2::audioMasterAutomate:
+                if (auto* param = getParameters()[index])
+                    param->sendValueChangedMessageToListeners (opt);
+                else
+                    jassertfalse; // Invalid parameter index!
+
+                break;
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterProcessEvents:            handleMidiFromPlugin ((const Vst2::VstEvents*) ptr); break;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetTime:                  return getVSTTime();
+            case Vst2::audioMasterIdle:                     handleIdle(); break;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterSizeWindow:               setWindowSize (index, (int) value); return 1;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterUpdateDisplay:            updateDisplay(); break;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterIOChanged:                setLatencySamples (vstEffect->initialDelay); break;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterNeedIdle:                 needIdle(); break;
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetSampleRate:            return (pointer_sized_int) (getSampleRate() > 0 ? getSampleRate() : defaultVSTSampleRateValue);
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetBlockSize:             return (pointer_sized_int) (getBlockSize() > 0  ? getBlockSize()  : defaultVSTBlockSizeValue);
+            case Vst2::audioMasterWantMidi:                 wantsMidiMessages = true; break;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetDirectory:             return getVstDirectory();
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterTempoAt:                  return (pointer_sized_int) (extraFunctions != nullptr ? extraFunctions->getTempoAt ((int64) value) : 0);
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetAutomationState:       return (pointer_sized_int) (extraFunctions != nullptr ? extraFunctions->getAutomationState() : 0);
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterBeginEdit:
+                if (auto* param = getParameters()[index])
+                    param->beginChangeGesture();
+                else
+                    jassertfalse; // Invalid parameter index!
+
+                break;
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterEndEdit:
+                if (auto* param = getParameters()[index])
+                    param->endChangeGesture();
+                else
+                    jassertfalse; // Invalid parameter index!
+
+                break;
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterPinConnected:             return isValidChannel (index, value == 0) ? 0 : 1; // (yes, 0 = true)
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetCurrentProcessLevel:   return isNonRealtime() ? 4 : 0;
+
+            // none of these are handled (yet)...
+            case Vst2::audioMasterSetTime:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetParameterQuantization:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetInputLatency:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetOutputLatency:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetPreviousPlug:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetNextPlug:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterWillReplaceOrAccumulate:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineStart:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineRead:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineWrite:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineGetCurrentPass:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterOfflineGetCurrentMetaPass:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetOutputSpeakerArrangement:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterVendorSpecific:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterSetIcon:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetLanguage:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterOpenWindow:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterCloseWindow:
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                return handleGeneralCallback (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // handles non plugin-specific callbacks.
+    static pointer_sized_int handleGeneralCallback (int32 opcode, int32 /*index*/, pointer_sized_int /*value*/, void* ptr, float /*opt*/)
+    {
+        switch (opcode)
+        {
+            case Vst2::audioMasterCanDo:                        return handleCanDo ((const char*) ptr);
+            case Vst2::audioMasterVersion:                      return 2400;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterCurrentId:                    return shellUIDToCreate;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetNumAutomatableParameters:  return 0;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetAutomationState:           return 1;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetVendorVersion:             return 0x0101;
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetVendorString:
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetProductString:             return getHostName ((char*) ptr);
+
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetSampleRate:                return (pointer_sized_int) defaultVSTSampleRateValue;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterGetBlockSize:                 return (pointer_sized_int) defaultVSTBlockSizeValue;
+            case Vst2::audioMasterSetOutputSampleRate:          return 0;
+
+            default:
+                DBG ("*** Unhandled VST Callback: " + String ((int) opcode));
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    pointer_sized_int dispatch (int opcode, int index, pointer_sized_int value, void* const ptr, float opt) const
+    {
+        pointer_sized_int result = 0;
+
+        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
+        {
+            const ScopedLock sl (lock);
+            const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
+
+            try
+            {
+               #if JUCE_MAC
+                auto oldResFile = CurResFile();
+
+                if (vstModule->resFileId != 0)
+                    UseResFile (vstModule->resFileId);
+               #endif
+
+                result = vstEffect->dispatcher (vstEffect, opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
+
+               #if JUCE_MAC
+                auto newResFile = CurResFile();
+
+                if (newResFile != oldResFile)  // avoid confusing the parent app's resource file with the plug-in's
+                {
+                    vstModule->resFileId = newResFile;
+                    UseResFile (oldResFile);
+                }
+               #endif
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {}
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    bool loadFromFXBFile (const void* const data, const size_t dataSize)
+    {
+        if (dataSize < 28)
+            return false;
+
+        auto set = (const fxSet*) data;
+
+        if ((! compareMagic (set->chunkMagic, "CcnK")) || fxbSwap (set->version) > fxbVersionNum)
+            return false;
+
+        if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FxBk"))
+        {
+            // bank of programs
+            if (fxbSwap (set->numPrograms) >= 0)
+            {
+                auto oldProg = getCurrentProgram();
+                auto numParams = fxbSwap (((const fxProgram*) (set->programs))->numParams);
+                auto progLen = (int) sizeof (fxProgram) + (numParams - 1) * (int) sizeof (float);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < fxbSwap (set->numPrograms); ++i)
+                {
+                    if (i != oldProg)
+                    {
+                        auto prog = addBytesToPointer (set->programs, i * progLen);
+
+                        if (getAddressDifference (prog, set) >= (int) dataSize)
+                            return false;
+
+                        if (fxbSwap (set->numPrograms) > 0)
+                            setCurrentProgram (i);
+
+                        if (! restoreProgramSettings (prog))
+                            return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (fxbSwap (set->numPrograms) > 0)
+                    setCurrentProgram (oldProg);
+
+                auto prog = addBytesToPointer (set->programs, oldProg * progLen);
+
+                if (getAddressDifference (prog, set) >= (int) dataSize)
+                    return false;
+
+                if (! restoreProgramSettings (prog))
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FxCk"))
+        {
+            // single program
+            auto prog = (const fxProgram*) data;
+
+            if (! compareMagic (prog->chunkMagic, "CcnK"))
+                return false;
+
+            changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), prog->prgName);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < fxbSwap (prog->numParams); ++i)
+                if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
+                    param->setValue (fxbSwapFloat (prog->params[i]));
+        }
+        else if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FBCh"))
+        {
+            // non-preset chunk
+            auto cset = (const fxChunkSet*) data;
+
+            if ((size_t) fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize) + sizeof (fxChunkSet) - 8 > (size_t) dataSize)
+                return false;
+
+            setChunkData (cset->chunk, fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize), false);
+        }
+        else if (compareMagic (set->fxMagic, "FPCh"))
+        {
+            // preset chunk
+            auto cset = (const fxProgramSet*) data;
+
+            if ((size_t) fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize) + sizeof (fxProgramSet) - 8 > (size_t) dataSize)
+                return false;
+
+            setChunkData (cset->chunk, fxbSwap (cset->chunkSize), true);
+
+            changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), cset->name);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool saveToFXBFile (MemoryBlock& dest, bool isFXB, int maxSizeMB = 128)
+    {
+        auto numPrograms = getNumPrograms();
+        auto numParams = getParameters().size();
+
+        if (usesChunks())
+        {
+            MemoryBlock chunk;
+            getChunkData (chunk, ! isFXB, maxSizeMB);
+
+            if (isFXB)
+            {
+                auto totalLen = sizeof (fxChunkSet) + chunk.getSize() - 8;
+                dest.setSize (totalLen, true);
+
+                auto set = (fxChunkSet*) dest.getData();
+                set->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
+                set->byteSize = 0;
+                set->fxMagic = fxbName ("FBCh");
+                set->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
+                set->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
+                set->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
+                set->numPrograms = fxbSwap (numPrograms);
+                set->chunkSize = fxbSwap ((int32) chunk.getSize());
+
+                chunk.copyTo (set->chunk, 0, chunk.getSize());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                auto totalLen = sizeof (fxProgramSet) + chunk.getSize() - 8;
+                dest.setSize (totalLen, true);
+
+                auto set = (fxProgramSet*) dest.getData();
+                set->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
+                set->byteSize = 0;
+                set->fxMagic = fxbName ("FPCh");
+                set->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
+                set->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
+                set->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
+                set->numPrograms = fxbSwap (numPrograms);
+                set->chunkSize = fxbSwap ((int32) chunk.getSize());
+
+                getCurrentProgramName().copyToUTF8 (set->name, sizeof (set->name) - 1);
+                chunk.copyTo (set->chunk, 0, chunk.getSize());
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (isFXB)
+            {
+                auto progLen = (int) sizeof (fxProgram) + (numParams - 1) * (int) sizeof (float);
+                auto len = (size_t) (progLen * jmax (1, numPrograms)) + (sizeof (fxSet) - sizeof (fxProgram));
+                dest.setSize (len, true);
+
+                auto set = (fxSet*) dest.getData();
+                set->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
+                set->byteSize = 0;
+                set->fxMagic = fxbName ("FxBk");
+                set->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
+                set->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
+                set->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
+                set->numPrograms = fxbSwap (numPrograms);
+
+                MemoryBlock oldSettings;
+                createTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
+
+                auto oldProgram = getCurrentProgram();
+
+                if (oldProgram >= 0)
+                    setParamsInProgramBlock (addBytesToPointer (set->programs, oldProgram * progLen));
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < numPrograms; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (i != oldProgram)
+                    {
+                        setCurrentProgram (i);
+                        setParamsInProgramBlock (addBytesToPointer (set->programs, i * progLen));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (oldProgram >= 0)
+                    setCurrentProgram (oldProgram);
+
+                restoreFromTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                dest.setSize ((size_t) ((numParams - 1) * (int) sizeof (float)) + sizeof (fxProgram), true);
+                setParamsInProgramBlock ((fxProgram*) dest.getData());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool usesChunks() const noexcept        { return vstEffect != nullptr && (vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsProgramChunks) != 0; }
+
+    bool getChunkData (MemoryBlock& mb, bool isPreset, int maxSizeMB) const
+    {
+        if (usesChunks())
+        {
+            void* data = nullptr;
+            auto bytes = (size_t) dispatch (Vst2::effGetChunk, isPreset ? 1 : 0, 0, &data, 0.0f);
+
+            if (data != nullptr && bytes <= (size_t) maxSizeMB * 1024 * 1024)
+            {
+                mb.setSize (bytes);
+                mb.copyFrom (data, 0, bytes);
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool setChunkData (const void* data, const int size, bool isPreset)
+    {
+        if (size > 0 && usesChunks())
+        {
+            dispatch (Vst2::effSetChunk, isPreset ? 1 : 0, size, (void*) data, 0.0f);
+
+            if (! isPreset)
+                updateStoredProgramNames();
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool updateSizeFromEditor (int, int) { return false; }
+
+    Vst2::AEffect* vstEffect;
+    ModuleHandle::Ptr vstModule;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginFormatHeadless::ExtraFunctions> extraFunctions;
+
+private:
+    //==============================================================================
+    struct VST2BypassParameter final : public Parameter
+    {
+        VST2BypassParameter (VSTPluginInstanceHeadless& effectToUse)
+            : parent (effectToUse),
+              vstOnStrings (TRANS ("on"), TRANS ("yes"), TRANS ("true")),
+              vstOffStrings (TRANS ("off"), TRANS ("no"), TRANS ("false")),
+              values (TRANS ("Off"), TRANS ("On"))
+        {
+        }
+
+        void setValue (float newValue) override
+        {
+            currentValue = (! approximatelyEqual (newValue, 0.0f));
+
+            if (parent.vstSupportsBypass)
+                parent.dispatch (Vst2::effSetBypass, 0, currentValue ? 1 : 0, nullptr, 0.0f);
+        }
+
+        float getValueForText (const String& text) const override
+        {
+            String lowercaseText (text.toLowerCase());
+
+            for (auto& testText : vstOnStrings)
+                if (lowercaseText == testText)
+                    return 1.0f;
+
+            for (auto& testText : vstOffStrings)
+                if (lowercaseText == testText)
+                    return 0.0f;
+
+            return text.getIntValue() != 0 ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+        }
+
+        float getValue() const override                                     { return currentValue; }
+        float getDefaultValue() const override                              { return 0.0f; }
+        String getName (int /*maximumStringLength*/) const override         { return "Bypass"; }
+        String getText (float value, int) const override                    { return (! approximatelyEqual (value, 0.0f) ? TRANS ("On") : TRANS ("Off")); }
+        bool isAutomatable() const override                                 { return true; }
+        bool isDiscrete() const override                                    { return true; }
+        bool isBoolean() const override                                     { return true; }
+        int getNumSteps() const override                                    { return 2; }
+        StringArray getAllValueStrings() const override                     { return values; }
+        String getLabel() const override                                    { return {}; }
+        String getParameterID() const override                              { return {}; }
+
+        VSTPluginInstanceHeadless& parent;
+        bool currentValue = false;
+        StringArray vstOnStrings, vstOffStrings, values;
+    };
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    String name;
+    CriticalSection lock;
+    std::atomic<bool> wantsMidiMessages { false };
+    bool initialised = false;
+    std::atomic<bool> isPowerOn { false };
+    bool lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass = false, vstSupportsBypass = false;
+    mutable StringArray programNames;
+    AudioBuffer<float> outOfPlaceBuffer;
+    TempChannelPointers tempChannelPointers[2];
+
+    CriticalSection midiInLock;
+    MidiBuffer incomingMidi;
+    VSTMidiEventList midiEventsToSend;
+    Vst2::VstTimeInfo vstHostTime;
+
+    AudioBuffer<float> tmpBufferFloat;
+    HeapBlock<float*> channelBufferFloat;
+
+    AudioBuffer<double> tmpBufferDouble;
+    HeapBlock<double*> channelBufferDouble;
+    std::unique_ptr<VST2BypassParameter> bypassParam;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<VSTXMLInfo> xmlInfo;
+
+    static pointer_sized_int handleCanDo (const char* name)
+    {
+        static const char* canDos[] = { "supplyIdle",
+                                        "sendVstEvents",
+                                        "sendVstMidiEvent",
+                                        "sendVstTimeInfo",
+                                        "receiveVstEvents",
+                                        "receiveVstMidiEvent",
+                                        "supportShell",
+                                        "sizeWindow",
+                                        "shellCategory" };
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < numElementsInArray (canDos); ++i)
+            if (strcmp (canDos[i], name) == 0)
+                return 1;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static pointer_sized_int getHostName (char* name)
+    {
+        String hostName (JUCE_VST_FALLBACK_HOST_NAME);
+
+        if (auto* app = JUCEApplicationBase::getInstance())
+            hostName = app->getApplicationName();
+
+        hostName.copyToUTF8 (name, (size_t) jmin (Vst2::kVstMaxVendorStrLen, Vst2::kVstMaxProductStrLen) - 1);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    pointer_sized_int getVSTTime() noexcept
+    {
+        JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC (4311)
+
+        return (pointer_sized_int) &vstHostTime;
+
+        JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC
+    }
+
+    virtual void updateDisplay() {}
+    virtual void handleIdle() {}
+    virtual void needIdle() {}
+
+    void setWindowSize (int width, int height)
+    {
+       #if JUCE_LINUX || JUCE_BSD
+        const MessageManagerLock mmLock;
+       #endif
+
+        updateSizeFromEditor (width, height);
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    static Vst2::AEffect* constructEffect (const ModuleHandle::Ptr& module)
+    {
+        Vst2::AEffect* effect = nullptr;
+        try
+        {
+            const IdleCallRecursionPreventer icrp;
+            _fpreset();
+
+            JUCE_VST_LOG ("Creating VST instance: " + module->pluginName);
+
+           #if JUCE_MAC
+            if (module->resFileId != 0)
+                UseResFile (module->resFileId);
+           #endif
+
+            constexpr Vst2::audioMasterCallback audioMaster = [] (Vst2::AEffect* eff,
+                                                                  Vst2::VstInt32 opcode,
+                                                                  Vst2::VstInt32 index,
+                                                                  Vst2::VstIntPtr value,
+                                                                  void* ptr,
+                                                                  float opt) -> Vst2::VstIntPtr
+            {
+                if (eff != nullptr)
+                    if (auto* instance = (VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*) (eff->resvd2))
+                        return instance->handleCallback (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
+
+                return VSTPluginInstanceHeadless::handleGeneralCallback (opcode, index, value, ptr, opt);
+            };
+
+            {
+                JUCE_VST_WRAPPER_INVOKE_MAIN
+            }
+
+            if (effect != nullptr && effect->magic == 0x56737450 /* 'VstP' */)
+            {
+                jassert (effect->resvd2 == 0);
+                jassert (effect->object != nullptr);
+
+                _fpreset(); // some dodgy plugs mess around with this
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                effect = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {}
+
+        return effect;
+    }
+
+    static BusesProperties queryBusIO (Vst2::AEffect* effect)
+    {
+        BusesProperties returnValue;
+
+        if (effect->numInputs == 0 && effect->numOutputs == 0)
+            return returnValue;
+
+        // Workaround for old broken JUCE plug-ins which would return an invalid
+        // speaker arrangement if the host didn't ask for a specific arrangement
+        // beforehand.
+        // Check if the plug-in reports any default layouts. If it doesn't, then
+        // try setting a default layout compatible with the number of pins this
+        // plug-in is reporting.
+        if (! pluginHasDefaultChannelLayouts (effect))
+        {
+            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder canonicalIn  (AudioChannelSet::canonicalChannelSet (effect->numInputs));
+            SpeakerMappings::VstSpeakerConfigurationHolder canonicalOut (AudioChannelSet::canonicalChannelSet (effect->numOutputs));
+
+            effect->dispatcher (effect, Vst2::effSetSpeakerArrangement, 0,
+                                      (pointer_sized_int) &canonicalIn.get(), (void*) &canonicalOut.get(), 0.0f);
+        }
+
+        const auto arrangement = getSpeakerArrangementWrapper (effect);
+
+        for (int dir = 0; dir < 2; ++dir)
+        {
+            const bool isInput = (dir == 0);
+            const int opcode = (isInput ? Vst2::effGetInputProperties : Vst2::effGetOutputProperties);
+            const int maxChannels = (isInput ? effect->numInputs : effect->numOutputs);
+            const auto* arr = (isInput ? arrangement.in : arrangement.out);
+            bool busAdded = false;
+
+            Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
+            AudioChannelSet layout;
+
+            for (int ch = 0; ch < maxChannels; ch += layout.size())
+            {
+                if (effect->dispatcher (effect, opcode, ch, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) == 0)
+                    break;
+
+                if ((pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinUseSpeaker) != 0)
+                {
+                    layout = SpeakerMappings::vstArrangementTypeToChannelSet (pinProps.arrangementType, 0);
+
+                    if (layout.isDisabled())
+                        break;
+                }
+                else if (arr == nullptr)
+                {
+                    layout = ((pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0 ? AudioChannelSet::stereo() : AudioChannelSet::mono());
+                }
+                else
+                    break;
+
+                busAdded = true;
+                returnValue.addBus (isInput, pinProps.label, layout, true);
+            }
+
+            // no buses?
+            if (! busAdded && maxChannels > 0)
+            {
+                String busName = (isInput ? "Input" : "Output");
+
+                if (effect->dispatcher (effect, opcode, 0, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) != 0)
+                    busName = pinProps.label;
+
+                if (arr != nullptr)
+                    layout = SpeakerMappings::vstArrangementTypeToChannelSet (*arr);
+                else
+                    layout = AudioChannelSet::canonicalChannelSet (maxChannels);
+
+                returnValue.addBus (isInput, busName, layout, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return returnValue;
+    }
+
+    static bool pluginHasDefaultChannelLayouts (Vst2::AEffect* effect)
+    {
+        if (getSpeakerArrangementWrapper (effect).isValid())
+            return true;
+
+        for (int dir = 0; dir < 2; ++dir)
+        {
+            const bool isInput = (dir == 0);
+            const int opcode = (isInput ? Vst2::effGetInputProperties : Vst2::effGetOutputProperties);
+            const int maxChannels = (isInput ? effect->numInputs : effect->numOutputs);
+
+            int channels = 1;
+
+            for (int ch = 0; ch < maxChannels; ch += channels)
+            {
+                Vst2::VstPinProperties pinProps;
+
+                if (effect->dispatcher (effect, opcode, ch, 0, &pinProps, 0.0f) == 0)
+                    return false;
+
+                if ((pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinUseSpeaker) != 0)
+                    return true;
+
+                channels = (pinProps.flags & Vst2::kVstPinIsStereo) != 0 ? 2 : 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    struct SpeakerArrangements
+    {
+        const Vst2::VstSpeakerArrangement* in;
+        const Vst2::VstSpeakerArrangement* out;
+
+        bool isValid() const noexcept { return in != nullptr && out != nullptr; }
+    };
+
+    static SpeakerArrangements getSpeakerArrangementWrapper (Vst2::AEffect* effect)
+    {
+        // Workaround: unfortunately old JUCE VST-2 plug-ins had a bug and would crash if
+        // you try to get the speaker arrangement when there are no input channels present.
+        // Hopefully, one day (when there are no more old JUCE plug-ins around), we can
+        // comment out the next two lines.
+        if (effect->numInputs == 0)
+            return { nullptr, nullptr };
+
+        SpeakerArrangements result { nullptr, nullptr };
+        const auto dispatchResult = effect->dispatcher (effect,
+                                                        Vst2::effGetSpeakerArrangement,
+                                                        0,
+                                                        reinterpret_cast<pointer_sized_int> (&result.in),
+                                                        &result.out,
+                                                        0.0f);
+
+        if (dispatchResult != 0)
+            return result;
+
+        return { nullptr, nullptr };
+    }
+
+    template <typename Member, typename Value>
+    void setFromOptional (Member& target, Optional<Value> opt, int32_t flag)
+    {
+        if (opt.hasValue())
+        {
+            target = static_cast<Member> (*opt);
+            vstHostTime.flags |= flag;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            vstHostTime.flags &= ~flag;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    template <typename FloatType>
+    void processAudio (AudioBuffer<FloatType>& buffer, MidiBuffer& midiMessages,
+                       AudioBuffer<FloatType>& tmpBuffer,
+                       HeapBlock<FloatType*>& channelBuffer,
+                       bool processBlockBypassedCalled)
+    {
+        if (vstSupportsBypass)
+        {
+            updateBypass (processBlockBypassedCalled);
+        }
+        else if (processBlockBypassedCalled)
+        {
+            // if this vst does not support bypass then we will have to do this ourselves
+            AudioProcessor::processBlockBypassed (buffer, midiMessages);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto numSamples  = buffer.getNumSamples();
+        auto numChannels = buffer.getNumChannels();
+
+        if (initialised)
+        {
+            if (auto* currentPlayHead = getPlayHead())
+            {
+                if (const auto position = currentPlayHead->getPosition())
+                {
+                    if (const auto samplePos = position->getTimeInSamples())
+                        vstHostTime.samplePos = (double) *samplePos;
+                    else
+                        jassertfalse; // VST hosts *must* call setTimeInSamples on the audio playhead
+
+                    if (auto sig = position->getTimeSignature())
+                    {
+                        vstHostTime.flags |= Vst2::kVstTimeSigValid;
+                        vstHostTime.timeSigNumerator   = sig->numerator;
+                        vstHostTime.timeSigDenominator = sig->denominator;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstTimeSigValid;
+                    }
+
+                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.ppqPos,      position->getPpqPosition(),               Vst2::kVstPpqPosValid);
+                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.barStartPos, position->getPpqPositionOfLastBarStart(), Vst2::kVstBarsValid);
+                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.nanoSeconds, position->getHostTimeNs(),                Vst2::kVstNanosValid);
+                    setFromOptional (vstHostTime.tempo,       position->getBpm(),                       Vst2::kVstTempoValid);
+
+                    int32 newTransportFlags = 0;
+                    if (position->getIsPlaying())     newTransportFlags |= Vst2::kVstTransportPlaying;
+                    if (position->getIsRecording())   newTransportFlags |= Vst2::kVstTransportRecording;
+
+                    if (newTransportFlags != (vstHostTime.flags & (Vst2::kVstTransportPlaying
+                                                                   | Vst2::kVstTransportRecording)))
+                        vstHostTime.flags = (vstHostTime.flags & ~(Vst2::kVstTransportPlaying | Vst2::kVstTransportRecording)) | newTransportFlags | Vst2::kVstTransportChanged;
+                    else
+                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstTransportChanged;
+
+                    const auto optionalFrameRate = [fr = position->getFrameRate()]() -> Optional<Vst2::VstInt32>
+                    {
+                        if (! fr.hasValue())
+                            return {};
+
+                        switch (fr->getBaseRate())
+                        {
+                            case 24:        return fr->isPullDown() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte239fps : Vst2::kVstSmpte24fps;
+                            case 25:        return fr->isPullDown() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte249fps : Vst2::kVstSmpte25fps;
+                            case 30:        return fr->isPullDown() ? (fr->isDrop() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte2997dfps : Vst2::kVstSmpte2997fps)
+                                                                    : (fr->isDrop() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte30dfps   : Vst2::kVstSmpte30fps);
+                            case 60:        return fr->isPullDown() ? Vst2::kVstSmpte599fps : Vst2::kVstSmpte60fps;
+                        }
+
+                        return {};
+                    }();
+
+                    vstHostTime.flags |= optionalFrameRate ? Vst2::kVstSmpteValid : 0;
+                    vstHostTime.smpteFrameRate = optionalFrameRate.orFallback (Vst2::VstSmpteFrameRate{});
+                    const auto effectiveRate = position->getFrameRate().hasValue() ? position->getFrameRate()->getEffectiveRate() : 0.0;
+                    vstHostTime.smpteOffset = (int32) (position->getTimeInSeconds().orFallback (0.0) * 80.0 * effectiveRate + 0.5);
+
+                    if (const auto loop = position->getLoopPoints())
+                    {
+                        vstHostTime.flags |= Vst2::kVstCyclePosValid;
+                        vstHostTime.cycleStartPos = loop->ppqStart;
+                        vstHostTime.cycleEndPos   = loop->ppqEnd;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstCyclePosValid;
+                    }
+
+                    if (position->getIsLooping())
+                        vstHostTime.flags |= Vst2::kVstTransportCycleActive;
+                    else
+                        vstHostTime.flags &= ~Vst2::kVstTransportCycleActive;
+                }
+            }
+
+            vstHostTime.nanoSeconds = getVSTHostTimeNanoseconds();
+
+            if (wantsMidiMessages)
+            {
+                midiEventsToSend.clear();
+                midiEventsToSend.ensureSize (1);
+
+                for (const auto metadata : midiMessages)
+                    midiEventsToSend.addEvent (metadata.data, metadata.numBytes,
+                                               jlimit (0, numSamples - 1, metadata.samplePosition));
+
+                vstEffect->dispatcher (vstEffect, Vst2::effProcessEvents, 0, 0, midiEventsToSend.events, 0);
+            }
+
+            _clearfp();
+
+            // always ensure that the buffer is at least as large as the maximum number of channels
+            auto maxChannels = jmax (vstEffect->numInputs, vstEffect->numOutputs);
+            auto channels = channelBuffer.get();
+
+            if (numChannels < maxChannels)
+            {
+                if (numSamples > tmpBuffer.getNumSamples())
+                    tmpBuffer.setSize (tmpBuffer.getNumChannels(), numSamples);
+
+                tmpBuffer.clear();
+            }
+
+            for (int ch = 0; ch < maxChannels; ++ch)
+                channels[ch] = (ch < numChannels ? buffer.getWritePointer (ch) : tmpBuffer.getWritePointer (ch));
+
+            {
+                AudioBuffer<FloatType> processBuffer (channels, maxChannels, numSamples);
+
+                invokeProcessFunction (processBuffer, numSamples);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Not initialised, so just bypass.
+            for (int i = getTotalNumOutputChannels(); --i >= 0;)
+                buffer.clear (i, 0, buffer.getNumSamples());
+        }
+
+        {
+            // copy any incoming midi.
+            const ScopedLock sl (midiInLock);
+
+            midiMessages.swapWith (incomingMidi);
+            incomingMidi.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    inline void invokeProcessFunction (AudioBuffer<float>& buffer, int32 sampleFrames)
+    {
+        if ((vstEffect->flags & Vst2::effFlagsCanReplacing) != 0)
+        {
+            vstEffect->processReplacing (vstEffect, tempChannelPointers[0].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer),
+                                                    tempChannelPointers[1].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer), sampleFrames);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            outOfPlaceBuffer.setSize (vstEffect->numOutputs, sampleFrames);
+            outOfPlaceBuffer.clear();
+
+            vstEffect->process (vstEffect, tempChannelPointers[0].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer),
+                                           tempChannelPointers[1].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (outOfPlaceBuffer), sampleFrames);
+
+            for (int i = vstEffect->numOutputs; --i >= 0;)
+                buffer.copyFrom (i, 0, outOfPlaceBuffer.getReadPointer (i), sampleFrames);
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void invokeProcessFunction (AudioBuffer<double>& buffer, int32 sampleFrames)
+    {
+        vstEffect->processDoubleReplacing (vstEffect, tempChannelPointers[0].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer),
+                                                      tempChannelPointers[1].getArrayOfModifiableWritePointers (buffer), sampleFrames);
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    bool restoreProgramSettings (const fxProgram* const prog)
+    {
+        if (compareMagic (prog->chunkMagic, "CcnK")
+             && compareMagic (prog->fxMagic, "FxCk"))
+        {
+            changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), prog->prgName);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < fxbSwap (prog->numParams); ++i)
+                if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
+                    param->setValue (fxbSwapFloat (prog->params[i]));
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    String getTextForOpcode (const int index, const int opcode) const
+    {
+        if (vstEffect == nullptr)
+            return {};
+
+        jassert (index >= 0 && index < vstEffect->numParams);
+        char nm[256] = { 0 };
+        dispatch (opcode, index, 0, nm, 0);
+        return String::createStringFromData (nm, (int) sizeof (nm)).trim();
+    }
+
+    String getCurrentProgramName()
+    {
+        String progName;
+
+        if (vstEffect != nullptr)
+        {
+            {
+                char nm[256] = { 0 };
+                dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgramName, 0, 0, nm, 0);
+                progName = String::createStringFromData (nm, (int) sizeof (nm)).trim();
+            }
+
+            const int index = getCurrentProgram();
+
+            if (index >= 0 && programNames[index].isEmpty())
+            {
+                while (programNames.size() < index)
+                    programNames.add (String());
+
+                programNames.set (index, progName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return progName;
+    }
+
+    void setParamsInProgramBlock (fxProgram* prog)
+    {
+        auto numParams = getParameters().size();
+
+        prog->chunkMagic = fxbName ("CcnK");
+        prog->byteSize = 0;
+        prog->fxMagic = fxbName ("FxCk");
+        prog->version = fxbSwap (fxbVersionNum);
+        prog->fxID = fxbSwap (getUID());
+        prog->fxVersion = fxbSwap (getVersionNumber());
+        prog->numParams = fxbSwap (numParams);
+
+        getCurrentProgramName().copyToUTF8 (prog->prgName, sizeof (prog->prgName) - 1);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < numParams; ++i)
+            if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
+                prog->params[i] = fxbSwapFloat (param->getValue());
+    }
+
+    void updateStoredProgramNames()
+    {
+        if (vstEffect != nullptr && getNumPrograms() > 0)
+        {
+            char nm[256] = { 0 };
+
+            // only do this if the plugin can't use indexed names.
+            if (dispatch (Vst2::effGetProgramNameIndexed, 0, -1, nm, 0) == 0)
+            {
+                auto oldProgram = getCurrentProgram();
+                MemoryBlock oldSettings;
+                createTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < getNumPrograms(); ++i)
+                {
+                    setCurrentProgram (i);
+                    getCurrentProgramName();  // (this updates the list)
+                }
+
+                setCurrentProgram (oldProgram);
+                restoreFromTempParameterStore (oldSettings);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void handleMidiFromPlugin (const Vst2::VstEvents* events)
+    {
+        if (events != nullptr)
+        {
+            const ScopedLock sl (midiInLock);
+            VSTMidiEventList::addEventsToMidiBuffer (events, incomingMidi);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    void createTempParameterStore (MemoryBlock& dest)
+    {
+        auto numParameters = getParameters().size();
+        dest.setSize (64 + 4 * (size_t) numParameters);
+        dest.fillWith (0);
+
+        getCurrentProgramName().copyToUTF8 ((char*) dest.getData(), 63);
+
+        auto p = unalignedPointerCast<float*> (((char*) dest.getData()) + 64);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < numParameters; ++i)
+            if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
+                p[i] = param->getValue();
+    }
+
+    void restoreFromTempParameterStore (const MemoryBlock& m)
+    {
+        changeProgramName (getCurrentProgram(), (const char*) m.getData());
+
+        auto p = unalignedPointerCast<float*> (((char*) m.getData()) + 64);
+        auto numParameters = getParameters().size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < numParameters; ++i)
+            if (auto* param = getParameters()[i])
+                param->setValue (p[i]);
+    }
+
+    pointer_sized_int getVstDirectory() const
+    {
+       #if JUCE_MAC
+        return (pointer_sized_int) (void*) &vstModule->parentDirFSSpec;
+       #else
+        return (pointer_sized_int) (pointer_sized_uint) vstModule->fullParentDirectoryPathName.toRawUTF8();
+       #endif
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    int getVersionNumber() const noexcept   { return vstEffect != nullptr ? vstEffect->version : 0; }
+
+    String getVersion() const
+    {
+        auto v = (unsigned int) dispatch (Vst2::effGetVendorVersion, 0, 0, nullptr, 0);
+
+        String s;
+
+        if (v == 0 || (int) v == -1)
+            v = (unsigned int) getVersionNumber();
+
+        if (v != 0)
+        {
+            // See yfede's post for the rational on this encoding
+            // https://forum.juce.com/t/issues-with-version-integer-reported-by-vst2/23867/6
+
+            unsigned int major = 0, minor = 0, bugfix = 0, build = 0;
+
+            if (v < 10)            // Encoding A
+            {
+                major = v;
+            }
+            else if (v < 10000)    // Encoding B
+            {
+                major  = (v / 1000);
+                minor  = (v % 1000) / 100;
+                bugfix = (v % 100)  / 10;
+                build  = (v % 10);
+            }
+            else if (v < 0x10000)  // Encoding C
+            {
+                major  = (v / 10000);
+                minor  = (v % 10000) / 1000;
+                bugfix = (v % 1000)  / 100;
+                build  = (v % 100)   / 10;
+            }
+            else if (v < 0x650000) // Encoding D
+            {
+                major  = (v >> 16) & 0xff;
+                minor  = (v >> 8)  & 0xff;
+                bugfix = (v >> 0)  & 0xff;
+            }
+            else                  // Encoding E
+            {
+                major  = (v / 10000000);
+                minor  = (v % 10000000) / 100000;
+                bugfix = (v % 100000)   / 1000;
+                build  = (v % 1000);
+            }
+
+            s << (int) major << '.' << (int) minor << '.' << (int) bugfix << '.' << (int) build;
+        }
+
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    const char* getCategory() const
+    {
+        switch (getVstCategory())
+        {
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategEffect:          return "Effect";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategSynth:           return "Synth";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategAnalysis:        return "Analysis";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategMastering:       return "Mastering";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategSpacializer:     return "Spacial";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategRoomFx:          return "Reverb";
+            case Vst2::kPlugSurroundFx:           return "Surround";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategRestoration:     return "Restoration";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategGenerator:       return "Tone generation";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategOfflineProcess:  return "Offline Process";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategShell:           return "Shell";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategUnknown:         return "Unknown";
+            case Vst2::kPlugCategMaxCount:
+            default:                              break;
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void setPower (const bool on)
+    {
+        dispatch (Vst2::effMainsChanged, 0, on ? 1 : 0, nullptr, 0);
+        isPowerOn = on;
+    }
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    void updateBypass (bool processBlockBypassedCalled)
+    {
+        if (processBlockBypassedCalled)
+        {
+            if (approximatelyEqual (bypassParam->getValue(), 0.0f) || ! lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass)
+                bypassParam->setValue (1.0f);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass)
+                bypassParam->setValue (0.0f);
+        }
+
+        lastProcessBlockCallWasBypass = processBlockBypassedCalled;
+    }
+
+    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (VSTPluginInstanceHeadless)
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+//==============================================================================
+// entry point for all callbacks from the plugin
+//==============================================================================
+static inline std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless> createAndUpdateDesc (VSTPluginFormatHeadless& format, PluginDescription& desc)
+{
+    if (auto p = format.createInstanceFromDescription (desc, 44100.0, 512))
+    {
+        if (auto instance = dynamic_cast<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless*> (p.release()))
+        {
+           #if JUCE_MAC
+            if (instance->vstModule->resFileId != 0)
+                UseResFile (instance->vstModule->resFileId);
+           #endif
+
+            instance->fillInPluginDescription (desc);
+            return std::unique_ptr<VSTPluginInstanceHeadless> (instance);
+        }
+
+        jassertfalse;
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+template <typename TypeToCreate>
+static void createVstPluginInstance (VSTPluginFormatHeadless& format,
+                                     const PluginDescription& desc,
+                                     double sampleRate,
+                                     int blockSize,
+                                     AudioPluginFormat::PluginCreationCallback callback)
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<TypeToCreate> result;
+
+    if (format.fileMightContainThisPluginType (desc.fileOrIdentifier))
+    {
+        File file (desc.fileOrIdentifier);
+
+        auto previousWorkingDirectory = File::getCurrentWorkingDirectory();
+        file.getParentDirectory().setAsCurrentWorkingDirectory();
+
+        if (auto module = ModuleHandle::findOrCreateModule (file))
+        {
+            shellUIDToCreate = desc.uniqueId != 0 ? desc.uniqueId : desc.deprecatedUid;
+
+            result = VSTPluginInstanceHeadless::create<TypeToCreate> (module, sampleRate, blockSize);
+
+            if (result != nullptr && ! result->initialiseEffect (sampleRate, blockSize))
+                result.reset();
+        }
+
+        previousWorkingDirectory.setAsCurrentWorkingDirectory();
+    }
+
+    String errorMsg;
+
+    if (result == nullptr)
+        errorMsg = TRANS ("Unable to load XXX plug-in file").replace ("XXX", "VST-2");
+
+    callback (std::move (result), errorMsg);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeToCreate>
+std::unique_ptr<AudioPluginInstance> createCustomVSTFromMainCallImpl (void* entryPointFunction,
+                                                                      double initialSampleRate,
+                                                                      int initialBufferSize)
+{
+    ModuleHandle::Ptr module = new ModuleHandle (File(), (MainCall) entryPointFunction);
+
+    if (! module->open())
+        return {};
+
+    auto result = VSTPluginInstanceHeadless::create<TypeToCreate> (module, initialSampleRate, initialBufferSize);
+
+    if (result == nullptr || ! result->initialiseEffect (initialSampleRate, initialBufferSize))
+        return {};
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace juce
+
+JUCE_END_IGNORE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
+JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_MSVC
+
+#endif
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.cpp b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.cpp
index 010904e866..48ec443dcc 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.cpp
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.cpp
@@ -68,4 +68,5 @@
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_LADSPAPluginFormatHeadless.cpp>
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_LV2PluginFormatHeadless.cpp>
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VST3PluginFormatHeadless.cpp>
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.cpp>
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_ARAHosting.cpp>
diff --git a/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.h b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.h
index a5fce69e16..fbf03604f5 100644
--- a/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.h
+++ b/modules/juce_audio_processors_headless/juce_audio_processors_headless.h
@@ -93,4 +93,5 @@
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_LADSPAPluginFormatHeadless.h>
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_LV2PluginFormatHeadless.h>
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VST3PluginFormatHeadless.h>
+#include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_VSTPluginFormatHeadless.h>
 #include <juce_audio_processors_headless/format_types/juce_ARAHosting.h>